Question 1

According to the textbook, which of the following cognitive abilities is NOT an aspect of what is commonly called intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A)  the use of mental images 
B)  problem solving and decision making 
C)  the use of language 
D)  artistic ability

Question 2

Derek learns that his apartment building has been sold and that he has to move by the end of the month. He develops the following plan of action: (1) look for a new apartment; (2) arrange for utilities; (3) contact a moving company and schedule the move; (4) start collecting empty boxes; (5) pack nonessential items first; and so forth. What kind of problem-solving strategy is Derek using to solve the problem of moving before the end of the month?

Accepted Answer

A)  the heuristic of identifying subgoals 
B)  trial-and-error planning 
C)  an algorithm 
D)  functional fixedness

Question 3

Scores on tests of individual differences, including intelligence test scores, often follow a pattern in which most scores are in the average range, with fewer scores in the extremely high or extremely low range. What is this pattern of distribution of scores called?

Accepted Answer

A)  the normal curve or normal distribution 
B)  the reliability distribution 
C)  the variability distribution 
D)  the standard distribution

Question 4

Bilingualism is rare worldwide, and very few people are bilingual.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

One way to creatively generate new ideas is to consider a problem from different angles or from a variety of perspectives, a technique that is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  functional fixedness. 
B)  algorithmic thinking. 
C)  using a heuristic. 
D)  divergent thinking.

Question 6

Dividing a person's mental age by chronological age and multiplying the answer by 100 is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Louis Terman's formula for the IQ score as measured by the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale. 
B)  David Wechsler's formula for the IQ score as measured by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test. 
C)  Robert Sternberg's formula for the Practical Intelligence (PI) score as measured by the Sternberg Triarchic Intelligence Scale. 
D)  Howard Gardner's formula for the Multiple Intelligences Quotient (MIQ) as measured by his Multiple Intelligences Exam.

Question 7

Under some circumstances, external rewards, such as awards, money, or grades, can motivate creative behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Benjamin Whorf is best known in psychology for his:

Accepted Answer

A)  study of languages and formulation of the linguistic relativity hypothesis. 
B)  work in comparative cognition and his research on animal language. 
C)  creation of the first practical intelligence test for use with schoolchildren. 
D)  advancement of the notion of multiple intelligences rather than a single global intelligence.

Question 9

Howard Gardner used the "two pots" analogy to help explain the relationship between cultural values, the development of agriculture, and the evolution of linguistic and analytical intelligence.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

As discussed in the Prologue, Tom had been diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome (now considered a mild form of autism spectrum disorder). According to the In Focus box on neurodiversity, Tom is likely to:

Accepted Answer

A)  show abnormal and slow language development, to have narrow interests and inflexible behavior, and, by definition, to have an IQ of 70 or below. 
B)  show normal, even advanced language development, to have narrow interests and inflexible behavior, and, by definition, to have normal to above-average intelligence. 
C)  have a low score on the Raven's Progressive Matrices test (50 or below) and a high score on the WAIS (100 or above). 
D)  have an IQ score of 70 or below accompanied by a high level of social competence.

Question 11

The act of creativity is typically:

Accepted Answer

A)  associated with solving some problem. 
B)  restricted to artistic expression, such as painting or writing fiction. 
C)  motivated only by intrinsic rewards. 
D)  extremely rare.

Question 12

A decision-making strategy that involves evaluating all the options, one characteristic at a time, starting with the most important, and discarding an option if it doesn't meet that criterion, is called the:

Accepted Answer

A)  single-feature model. 
B)  additive model. 
C)  elimination by aspects model. 
D)  integrative model.

Question 13

_____ share exactly the same genes, and thus any differences between them must be due to environmental factors rather than hereditary differences.

Accepted Answer

A)  Fraternal twins 
B)  Same-sex siblings 
C)  Identical twins 
D)  Same-sex fraternal twins

Question 14

We form a(n) _____ concept by learning the rules or features that define it.

Accepted Answer

A)  informal 
B)  formal 
C)  unnatural 
D)  natural

Question 15

Validity means that a test consistently produces similar scores on different occasions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

American psychologist Lewis Terman translated and adapted Binet's intelligence test. Terman called this test the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Terman Intelligence Scale (TIS). 
B)  Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS). 
C)  Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale. 
D)  Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WIS
C) .

Question 17

Philip, who displays the hallmark characteristics of autism spectrum disorder, is likely to have:

Accepted Answer

A)  a high level of mathematical skill and a low score on the Raven's Progressive Matrices test. 
B)  a high level of social competence and a high score on the Raven's Progressive Matrices test. 
C)  IQ score of 70 or below combined with a high level of artistic ability. 
D)  problems with communication and social interactions with others.

Question 18

According to Howard Gardner's theory of intelligence, a talented musician would probably also have high scores on tests of linguistic and intrapersonal intelligence because of the interdependence of multiple intelligences.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Trial and error is a problem-solving strategy that involves attempting different solutions and eliminating those that do not work.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Rick asks you how many stop signs you encounter on your drive home. To answer his question, you probably rely on a:

Accepted Answer

A)  mental image. 
B)  linguistic concept. 
C)  map of your city. 
D)  natural concept.

Exam 7: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

According to the textbook, which of the following cognitive abilities is NOT an aspect of what is commonly called intelligence?

Scores on tests of individual differences, including intelligence test scores, often follow a pattern in which most scores are in the average range, with fewer scores in the extremely high or extremely low range. What is this pattern of distribution of scores called?

Bilingualism is rare worldwide, and very few people are bilingual.

One way to creatively generate new ideas is to consider a problem from different angles or from a variety of perspectives, a technique that is called:

Dividing a person's mental age by chronological age and multiplying the answer by 100 is:

Under some circumstances, external rewards, such as awards, money, or grades, can motivate creative behavior.

Benjamin Whorf is best known in psychology for his:

Howard Gardner used the "two pots" analogy to help explain the relationship between cultural values, the development of agriculture, and the evolution of linguistic and analytical intelligence.

As discussed in the Prologue, Tom had been diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome (now considered a mild form of autism spectrum disorder) . According to the In Focus box on neurodiversity, Tom is likely to:

The act of creativity is typically:

A decision-making strategy that involves evaluating all the options, one characteristic at a time, starting with the most important, and discarding an option if it doesn't meet that criterion, is called the:

_____ share exactly the same genes, and thus any differences between them must be due to environmental factors rather than hereditary differences.

We form a(n) _____ concept by learning the rules or features that define it.

Validity means that a test consistently produces similar scores on different occasions.

American psychologist Lewis Terman translated and adapted Binet's intelligence test. Terman called this test the:

Philip, who displays the hallmark characteristics of autism spectrum disorder, is likely to have:

According to Howard Gardner's theory of intelligence, a talented musician would probably also have high scores on tests of linguistic and intrapersonal intelligence because of the interdependence of multiple intelligences.

Trial and error is a problem-solving strategy that involves attempting different solutions and eliminating those that do not work.

Rick asks you how many stop signs you encounter on your drive home. To answer his question, you probably rely on a: