Question 1

At a loud party, Kimberly met so many new people that when she ran into one of her new acquaintances on campus the next day she was unable to remember his name. The MOST likely explanation for her forgetting the name of her new acquaintance is:

Accepted Answer

A)  source confusion. 
B)  interference. 
C)  mood congruence. 
D)  source amnesia.

Question 2

Merely repeating information over and over is called _____, while focusing on the meaning of the information is called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  clustering; chunking 
B)  chunking; clustering 
C)  elaborative rehearsal; maintenance rehearsal 
D)  maintenance rehearsal; elaborative rehearsal

Question 3

The _____ is involved in encoding and transferring new explicit memories to long-term memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  prefrontal cortex 
B)  hippocampus 
C)  amygdala 
D)  cerebellum

Question 4

Research by psychologist Richard F. Thompson and his colleagues demonstrated that the:

Accepted Answer

A)  function and structure of neurons change in response to the formation of new memories. 
B)  hippocampus is critical for the formation of new memories. 
C)  memory of how to navigate a maze with no errors was localized in the hippocampus. 
D)  memory for a classically conditioned eye blink response was localized in a rabbit's cerebellum.

Question 5

If information in short-term memory is not actively rehearsed, the information is transferred to long-term memory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Psychologist George Sperling is one of the most widely recognized authorities on eyewitness memory and the different ways it can go awry.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Describe the duration and capacity of short-term memory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the duration and capacity of short-term...

Question 8

An In Focus box in your textbook discussed a particular memory ability that H.M. demonstrated many years after his surgery. Which of the following is an example that was described in your textbook?

Accepted Answer

A)  H.M. was unable to remember either the first or last names of people who had become famous after his surgery, but he did report numerous déjà vu experiences. 
B)  He responded "Loren" when prompted with "Sophia," and "Reagan" when prompted with "Ronald." 
C)  H.M. was unable to remember either the first or last names of people who had become famous after his surgery, but he did experience the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon many times. 
D)  H.M. was able to generate the first names but not the last names of people who had become famous since his surgery

Question 9

The brains of people with Alzheimer's disease develop:

Accepted Answer

A)  an enlarged hippocampus and hypothalamus. 
B)  an abundance of beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. 
C)  shrunken ventricles and loss of cerebral spinal fluid. 
D)  a proliferation of new neurons in the hippocampus.

Question 10

As James watched Haley wave the Fourth of July sparkler back and forth, he noticed that the sparkler seemed to produce a trailing afterimage that faded within a split second. Which type of sensory memory can account for the quickly fading afterimage of the sparkler?

Accepted Answer

A)  echoic memory 
B)  the déjà vu experience 
C)  prospective memory 
D)  iconic memory

Question 11

Distinguish how REM and non-REM sleep diversely contribute to memory consolidation, and speculate about possible mechanisms for these effects.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Distinguish how REM and non-REM sleep diversely...

Question 12

During the short-answer essay part of the examination, Ethan was absolutely certain that he knew the definition of long-term potentiation, but he could not think of it. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for Ethan's inability to retrieve the information from his long-term memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  the misinformation effect 
B)  prospective memory failure 
C)  source confusion 
D)  retrieval cue failure

Question 13

In a cross-cultural study comparing the earliest memories of college students, researchers found that the average age for earliest memories was much earlier for U.S.-born students than for Taiwanese or Chinese students.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The phonological loop and the visuospatial sketchpad are:

Accepted Answer

A)  different names for auditory sensory memory and visual sensory memory. 
B)  two of the three components in psychologist Alan Baddeley's model of working memory. 
C)  two mnemonic devices that can be used to help you remember a list of unrelated items, such as nonsense syllables. 
D)  two components in psychologist George Sperling's model of sensory memory.

Question 15

The amount of information that can be held in long-term memory:

Accepted Answer

A)  depends on the amount of maintenance rehearsal performed on the information. 
B)  seems to be limitless. 
C)  is seven items or bits of information, plus or minus two. 
D)  is four items or bits of information, plus or minus one.

Question 16

Sensory memory is also called working memory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

According to the Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology feature, which of the following helps the process of consolidating new memories?

Accepted Answer

A)  sleep 
B)  alcohol 
C)  background noise 
D)  massed practice

Question 18

How can you increase the length of time that you can hold information in your short-term memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  use maintenance rehearsal by repeating the information 
B)  use a process called clustering 
C)  move the information into sensory memory 
D)  use iconic memory to hold the memory longer

Question 19

Why were nonsense syllables used in the earliest studies of forgetting?

Accepted Answer

A)  so that the stimulus materials were simple enough that even children could read and remember them 
B)  so that cross-cultural comparisons of memory could be investigated using speakers of different languages 
C)  so that the material did not have preexisting associations in memory 
D)  to reduce retroactive interference

Question 20

According to British psychologist Alan Baddeley's working memory model, the phonological loop:

Accepted Answer

A)  controls attention, integrates information, and initiates retrieval. 
B)  is involved in organizing information in a complex network. 
C)  is specialized for spatial and visual material. 
D)  is specialized for verbal material.

Exam 6: Memory

At a loud party, Kimberly met so many new people that when she ran into one of her new acquaintances on campus the next day she was unable to remember his name. The MOST likely explanation for her forgetting the name of her new acquaintance is:

Merely repeating information over and over is called _, while focusing on the meaning of the information is called _.

The _____ is involved in encoding and transferring new explicit memories to long-term memory.

Research by psychologist Richard F. Thompson and his colleagues demonstrated that the:

If information in short-term memory is not actively rehearsed, the information is transferred to long-term memory.

Psychologist George Sperling is one of the most widely recognized authorities on eyewitness memory and the different ways it can go awry.

Describe the duration and capacity of short-term memory.

An In Focus box in your textbook discussed a particular memory ability that H.M. demonstrated many years after his surgery. Which of the following is an example that was described in your textbook?

The brains of people with Alzheimer's disease develop:

As James watched Haley wave the Fourth of July sparkler back and forth, he noticed that the sparkler seemed to produce a trailing afterimage that faded within a split second. Which type of sensory memory can account for the quickly fading afterimage of the sparkler?

Distinguish how REM and non-REM sleep diversely contribute to memory consolidation, and speculate about possible mechanisms for these effects.

During the short-answer essay part of the examination, Ethan was absolutely certain that he knew the definition of long-term potentiation, but he could not think of it. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for Ethan's inability to retrieve the information from his long-term memory?

In a cross-cultural study comparing the earliest memories of college students, researchers found that the average age for earliest memories was much earlier for U.S.-born students than for Taiwanese or Chinese students.

The phonological loop and the visuospatial sketchpad are:

The amount of information that can be held in long-term memory:

Sensory memory is also called working memory.

According to the Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology feature, which of the following helps the process of consolidating new memories?

How can you increase the length of time that you can hold information in your short-term memory?

Why were nonsense syllables used in the earliest studies of forgetting?

According to British psychologist Alan Baddeley's working memory model, the phonological loop: