Question 1

From studies of other human patients with similar kinds of brain damage, it is clear that the memory impairments H.M. experienced are highly unusual.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

What does psychologist George Miller describe in his paper entitled "The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two"?

Accepted Answer

A)  the average duration of echoic memory in seconds 
B)  the duration in years before most of the current information in long-term memory is forgotten 
C)  the number of trials it takes a typical student to memorize a list of 13 nonsense syllables 
D)  the number of items or bits of information that can be held in short-term memory at one time

Question 3

Exactly three years ago today Denise was eating lunch with two friends at a restaurant when a very confused man came into the restaurant and began firing a gun at the pictures hanging on the walls. Denise remembers many details of that day, including the clothes she was wearing and what she ate for lunch. Denise has such clear memories of that day partly because those memories are characterized by a high degree of:

Accepted Answer

A)  mood congruence. 
B)  distinctiveness. 
C)  semantic information. 
D)  state-dependent retrieval.

Question 4

According to the working memory model developed by British psychologist Alan Baddeley, the _____ is to verbal material as the _____ is to visual or spatial material.

Accepted Answer

A)  central executive; phonological loop 
B)  phonological loop; visuospatial sketchpad 
C)  visuospatial sketchpad; phonological loop 
D)  phonological loop; central executive

Question 5

The phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and central executive are:

Accepted Answer

A)  the three main components of the semantic network model. 
B)  three mnemonic devices that can be used to help you remember a list of unrelated items, such as nonsense syllables. 
C)  three different interview strategies psychologist Elizabeth Loftus developed to investigate eyewitness testimony and the development of false memories. 
D)  the three main components in the model of working memory developed by British psychologist Alan Baddeley.

Question 6

Declarative memories are consolidated during _____ sleep.

Accepted Answer

A)  REM 
B)  non-REM 
C)  interrupted 
D)  uninterrupted

Question 7

In his eighth-grade history class, Michael had to recite Lincoln's Gettysburg Address from memory. Michael did well at the beginning and end of the address, but forgot some sentences in the middle. This example illustrates the serial position effect.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

For decades, _____ studied a famous man known for many years as H.M.

Accepted Answer

A)  Brenda Milner and Suzanne Corkin 
B)  Karl Lashley and Richard Thompson 
C)  Elizabeth Loftus and Brenda Milner 
D)  Alan Baddeley and Suzanne Corkin

Question 9

Summarize what psychologists have learned about memory from the famous case of H.M., including Brenda Milner and Suzanne Corkin's work with this patient.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Summarize what psychologists have learned about memory...

Question 10

Short-term memory is often referred to as _____ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  working 
B)  sensory 
C)  episodic 
D)  source

Question 11

Sensory memory briefly stores our sensory impressions of the world so that they overlap slightly with one another.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The research of psychologist George Sperling demonstrated that the maximum duration of sensory memory is about 30 seconds.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

In Qi Wang's study, the average age European American college students reported for their earliest autobiographical memories tended to be _____ the average age Chinese and Taiwanese college students reported for their earliest autobiographical memories.

Accepted Answer

A)  younger than 
B)  older than 
C)  about the same as 
D)  of doubtful validity compared to

Question 14

When the patient known for years as H.M. was a young man, doctors surgically removed his _____ in an attempt to treat his epileptic seizures.

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebellum 
B)  amygdala 
C)  hippocampus 
D)  hypothalamus

Question 15

Karl Lashley originally believed that the engram, or memory trace, was stored in a particular area of the brain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

By the final interview in the "lost-in-the-mall" study by psychologist Elizabeth Loftus:

Accepted Answer

A)  six of the 24 participants developed false memories of being lost in a shopping mall as a child. 
B)  18 of the 24 participants developed false memories of being lost in the mall. 
C)  all 24 participants developed false memories of being lost in a shopping mall as a child. 
D)  12 of the 24 participants developed false memories of knocking over a punch bowl in the shopping mall.

Question 17

Psychologist Stephen Lindsay and his colleagues (2004) had participants look at their first-grade class photo and read a description of a prank they were led to believe they had committed in the first grade-putting Slime in the teacher's desk. Compared to the participants who did not look at their first-grade class photo, the participants who did look at their first-grade photo were:

Accepted Answer

A)  much more likely to believe they had committed the prank. 
B)  much less likely to believe they had committed the prank. 
C)  more likely to blame their classmates for persuading them to commit the prank. 
D)  much more likely to insist that the prank had actually been committed by a classmate.

Question 18

According to British psychologist Alan Baddeley's working memory model, the visuospatial sketchpad:

Accepted Answer

A)  controls attention, integrates information, and initiates retrieval. 
B)  is involved in organizing information in a complex network. 
C)  is specialized for spatial and visual material. 
D)  is specialized for verbal material.

Question 19

What is a flashbulb memory, and in what ways is it similar to and/or different from an ordinary memory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is a flashbulb memory, and in...

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the role of neurons in long-term memory is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Research with Aplysia has demonstrated that the formation of a new memory is accompanied by distinct functional, but not structural, changes in the neurons. 
B)  Research has shown that rats, chicks, and rabbits show changes in neurons in response to learning that are similar to the changes that have been shown to occur in Aplysia. 
C)  Research with Aplysia has demonstrated that the formation of a new memory is accompanied by distinct structural, but not functional, changes in the neurons. 
D)  Psychologist Karl Lashley first suggested the idea of long-term potentiation in the 1920s, but as yet there is no direct evidence that this process takes place when a new memory is formed.

Exam 6: Memory

From studies of other human patients with similar kinds of brain damage, it is clear that the memory impairments H.M. experienced are highly unusual.

What does psychologist George Miller describe in his paper entitled "The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two"?

According to the working memory model developed by British psychologist Alan Baddeley, the _ is to verbal material as the _ is to visual or spatial material.

The phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and central executive are:

Declarative memories are consolidated during _____ sleep.

In his eighth-grade history class, Michael had to recite Lincoln's Gettysburg Address from memory. Michael did well at the beginning and end of the address, but forgot some sentences in the middle. This example illustrates the serial position effect.

For decades, _____ studied a famous man known for many years as H.M.

Summarize what psychologists have learned about memory from the famous case of H.M., including Brenda Milner and Suzanne Corkin's work with this patient.

Short-term memory is often referred to as _____ memory.

Sensory memory briefly stores our sensory impressions of the world so that they overlap slightly with one another.

The research of psychologist George Sperling demonstrated that the maximum duration of sensory memory is about 30 seconds.

In Qi Wang's study, the average age European American college students reported for their earliest autobiographical memories tended to be _____ the average age Chinese and Taiwanese college students reported for their earliest autobiographical memories.

When the patient known for years as H.M. was a young man, doctors surgically removed his _____ in an attempt to treat his epileptic seizures.

Karl Lashley originally believed that the engram, or memory trace, was stored in a particular area of the brain.

By the final interview in the "lost-in-the-mall" study by psychologist Elizabeth Loftus:

According to British psychologist Alan Baddeley's working memory model, the visuospatial sketchpad:

What is a flashbulb memory, and in what ways is it similar to and/or different from an ordinary memory?

Which of the following statements about the role of neurons in long-term memory is TRUE?