Question 1

A neuron's resting potential is due to the greater concentration of:

Accepted Answer

A)  potassium and sodium ions outside of the neuron. 
B)  potassium and sodium ions inside of the neuron. 
C)  potassium ions inside the neuron and the greater concentration of sodium ions outside the neuron. 
D)  sodium ions inside the neuron and the greater concentration of potassium ions outside the neuron.

Question 2

The brainstem is made up of several structures, which include the:

Accepted Answer

A)  thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala. 
B)  medulla, pons, cerebellum, reticular formation, and midbrain, including the substantia nigra. 
C)  temporal lobe, parietal lobe, the occipital lobe, and frontal lobe. 
D)  corpus callosum, cerebral cortex, and the structures that make up the limbic system.

Question 3

The peripheral nervous system is made up of:

Accepted Answer

A)  the brain. 
B)  the brain and the spinal cord. 
C)  all of the nerves lying outside the central nervous system. 
D)  motor neurons.

Question 4

Antianxiety medications such as Valium and Xanax work by _____ in the brain.

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing dopamine activity 
B)  increasing GABA activity 
C)  decreasing norepinephrine activity 
D)  decreasing endorphin activity

Question 5

The notion that different functions are located in different areas of the brain is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  neuroplasticity. 
B)  lateralization of function. 
C)  neurogenesis. 
D)  cortical localization.

Question 6

The involvement of the brain's opioid system in "runner's high" suggests one possible explanation for why endurance athletes have a much lower pain tolerance than do non-athletes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sensory and motor information are processed and integrated in association areas on the cerebral cortex. 
B)  Body sensations such as touch, temperature, and pressure are processed in the somatosensory cortex. 
C)  The temporal lobe contains the primary auditory cortex, which processes auditory information. 
D)  Each part of the body has the same degree of representation on the primary motor cortex.

Question 8

Tammy, a split-brain patient, is seated in front of a screen. As she focuses on the middle of the screen, the image of a hammer is briefly flashed on the LEFT side of the screen and directed to her right hemisphere. Tracy will:

Accepted Answer

A)  be able to verbally name the object. 
B)  be able to use her right hand to reach under the screen and pick up the correct object. 
C)  be able to use her left hand to reach under the screen and pick up the correct object. 
D)  say she saw a nail.

Question 9

Randy exercises more than most people and continues to train even when he has a cold or an injury. His friends joke that Randy seems addicted to exercise. According to the Focus on Neuroscience in Chapter 2, Randy's compulsive exercising:

Accepted Answer

A)  may be due to the involvement of his brain's opioid system and the production of endorphins during and immediately after exercise. 
B)  is an indicator of decreased levels of dopamine and increased risk of Parkinson's disease. 
C)  may be due to the involvement of his limbic system and the production of acetylcholine. 
D)  is an indicator of the overproduction of dopamine and an increased risk of schizophrenia.

Question 10

Reduced brain levels of the neurotransmitter called _____ are involved in the progressive memory loss that characterizes Alzheimer's disease.

Accepted Answer

A)  GABA 
B)  serotonin 
C)  dopamine 
D)  acetylcholine

Question 11

In the college cafeteria, your friend Larry, who is an art major, loudly proclaims that because he is an artist he is right-brained and it's no wonder he's having trouble with his college algebra class. Because you have read this chapter, you are able to tell him that:

Accepted Answer

A)  with special training, he should be able to better educate his left brain, so that he will at least pass algebra even if he'll never be very good at it. 
B)  he should drop algebra and take geometry, which takes a more right-brain approach to mathematics. 
C)  his problems with algebra cannot be blamed on either his right or left hemispheres; it is a myth that people are either "right-brained" or "left-brained." 
D)  given the right degree of environmental stimulation, he should be able to increase his left-hemisphere abilities, but doing so will undoubtedly lessen his artistic creativity.

Question 12

All motor neurons manufacture:

Accepted Answer

A)  acetylcholine. 
B)  dopamine. 
C)  serotonin. 
D)  L-dopa.

Question 13

Launched in 2009 by the National Institutes of Health, the Human Connectome Project aims to combine brain-imaging data from hundreds of participants into a three-dimensional map of the brain's information highways.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following best defines a neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

A)  a chemical messenger that crosses the synaptic gap between neurons 
B)  an electrical impulse that crosses the synaptic gap between neurons 
C)  a chemical communicator manufactured by glial cells 
D)  a microscopic channel through which sodium and potassium ions pass

Question 15

According to the Critical Thinking box "'His' and 'Her' Brains?," which of the following is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Men's brains tend to be much smaller than women's brains. 
B)  Women and men have different proportions of gray to white matter in their brains. 
C)  In general, the male brain is more asymmetrical and its functions are more lateralized than in the female brain. 
D)  Men's brains tend to be larger than women's brains.

Question 16

Roger Sperry's split-brain research in the twentieth century illustrated the independent functions of the two hemispheres.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

In studies with primates, specifically adult macaque monkeys, psychologist Elizabeth Gould and her colleagues found evidence:

Accepted Answer

A)  of limited neurogenesis in brain stem structures but not in more sophisticated brain regions. 
B)  for structural plasticity but not for functional plasticity. 
C)  that new neurons develop and migrate to multiple brain regions. 
D)  for functional plasticity but not for structural plasticity.

Question 18

Researchers using PET scans to study the opioid system in long-distance runners are likely to find increased brain levels of _____ following a long run.

Accepted Answer

A)  acetylcholine 
B)  endorphins 
C)  GABA 
D)  cerebrospinal fluid

Question 19

Each neuron produces only one type of neurotransmitter.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The neuron's genetic material (DNA) is found in the nucleus of the neuron's cell body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 2: Neuroscience and Behavior

A neuron's resting potential is due to the greater concentration of:

The brainstem is made up of several structures, which include the:

The peripheral nervous system is made up of:

Antianxiety medications such as Valium and Xanax work by _____ in the brain.

The notion that different functions are located in different areas of the brain is called:

The involvement of the brain's opioid system in "runner's high" suggests one possible explanation for why endurance athletes have a much lower pain tolerance than do non-athletes.

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Tammy, a split-brain patient, is seated in front of a screen. As she focuses on the middle of the screen, the image of a hammer is briefly flashed on the LEFT side of the screen and directed to her right hemisphere. Tracy will:

Randy exercises more than most people and continues to train even when he has a cold or an injury. His friends joke that Randy seems addicted to exercise. According to the Focus on Neuroscience in Chapter 2, Randy's compulsive exercising:

Reduced brain levels of the neurotransmitter called _____ are involved in the progressive memory loss that characterizes Alzheimer's disease.

In the college cafeteria, your friend Larry, who is an art major, loudly proclaims that because he is an artist he is right-brained and it's no wonder he's having trouble with his college algebra class. Because you have read this chapter, you are able to tell him that:

All motor neurons manufacture:

Launched in 2009 by the National Institutes of Health, the Human Connectome Project aims to combine brain-imaging data from hundreds of participants into a three-dimensional map of the brain's information highways.

Which of the following best defines a neurotransmitter?

According to the Critical Thinking box "'His' and 'Her' Brains?," which of the following is FALSE?

Roger Sperry's split-brain research in the twentieth century illustrated the independent functions of the two hemispheres.

In studies with primates, specifically adult macaque monkeys, psychologist Elizabeth Gould and her colleagues found evidence:

Researchers using PET scans to study the opioid system in long-distance runners are likely to find increased brain levels of _____ following a long run.

Each neuron produces only one type of neurotransmitter.

The neuron's genetic material (DNA) is found in the nucleus of the neuron's cell body.