Question 1

Dr.Wolfgang would like to conduct a study examining how children learn to use slang words based on listening to their peers.Dr.Wolfgang's research would benefit if he read the work of ________,a psychologist who investigated observational learning.

Accepted Answer

A)  John Watson 
B)  Edward Tolman 
C)  Alfred Bandura 
D)  B. F. Skinner

Question 2

Katie is afraid of clowns.She has been trying to overcome this fear by getting into a relaxed state and then looking at pictures of clowns.After months of this exposure,she is no longer afraid when she sees a clown.Katie has been using ________ to overcome her fear.

Accepted Answer

A)  counterconditioning 
B)  systematic desensitization 
C)  extinction 
D)  modeling

Question 3

When Kathy is in the shower and someone flushes the toilet,the water turns hot and she gets burned.Soon,Kathy becomes classically conditioned to fear the toilet flushing when she is in the shower.When Kathy visits her parents she does not get burned when someone flushes the toilet while she is in the shower.When she returns home and hears the toilet flush while in the shower,Kathy immediately feels a surge of fear.This example best illustrates the fact that extinction is

Accepted Answer

A)  a form of learning that inhibits, not deletes, what is learned. 
B)  an adaptive response to delete information from memory associations. 
C)  a useful tendency to try to readapt old learning strategies to novel problems. 
D)  the basis for non-associative learning when applied to unfamiliar situations.

Question 4

Miranda is learning how to play tennis.She has a unique way of hitting a backhand shot,but after a lesson with a professional instructor,Miranda changes her backhand technique because the technique she saw her instructor use is more efficient.Miranda has learned to improve her tennis due to

Accepted Answer

A)  vicarious conditioning. 
B)  latent learning. 
C)  observational learning. 
D)  continuous reinforcement.

Question 5

Channing believes that the best way to get his boyfriend to clean up after himself is by initiating sex as soon as his boyfriend cleans up the apartment.Channing knows that sex is a ________ reinforcer that will likely ________ the probability that his boyfriend will clean the apartment in the future.

Accepted Answer

A)  primary; increase 
B)  primary; decrease 
C)  secondary; decrease 
D)  secondary; increase

Question 6

If Carlos wants to use classical conditioning so his 3-year-old sister learns to be afraid of dogs,he should

Accepted Answer

A)  shove her to the ground every day whether she pets a dog or not. 
B)  blow an air horn to make her afraid every time she pets their own dog. 
C)  pretend to be afraid of dogs himself. 
D)  give her a piece of candy every time she is afraid to go near a dog.

Question 7

Joseph used classical conditioning to teach his sister to be afraid of squirrels.If he is successful,the neutral stimulus,the squirrel,must have been paired with a(n)________,such as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  neutral stimulus; a light turning on 
B)  conditioned response; running away 
C)  unconditioned response; an increased heartbeat 
D)  unconditioned stimulus; a loud noise

Question 8

Mario believes that his son is learning to be aggressive because he plays violent video games.In what way could observational learning explain the connection Mario sees between media and his son's behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children are rewarded for playing violent video games, which increases their level of aggression. 
B)  Violent video games reinforce children's biological tendency toward aggression. 
C)  Children who watch violence in video games tend to show more aggressive thoughts and actions. 
D)  Exposure to violence in video games changes the levels of neurotransmitters in children's brains and thus makes them more likely to act violently.

Question 9

Dr.Shaw has a patient who has a phobia of spiders and also loves doing puzzles.Dr.Shaw exposes the patient to spiders briefly while having the patient complete a fun puzzle.Dr.Shaw is using ________ to treat his patient's phobia.

Accepted Answer

A)  second-order conditioning 
B)  systematic desensitization 
C)  modeling 
D)  counterconditioning

Question 10

When Mitch watches his brother Jacob stand on tiptoes to open the cabinet door,which of the following is most likely happening in Mitch's brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dopamine is acting on his reward regions as a positive reinforcer. 
B)  Long-term potentiation serves to remove synaptic connections. 
C)  The hippocampus relays a message about the last time Mitch opened the cabinet. 
D)  Mitch's mirror neurons are being activated.

Question 11

Timothy believes that his infant son was born as a blank slate,knowing nothing about the world.This information suggests that Timothy most likely believes in

Accepted Answer

A)  associative learning. 
B)  habituation. 
C)  tabula rasa. 
D)  long-term potentiation.

Question 12

A perfume advertisement uses classical conditioning to increase product appeal.To do this,it pairs the attractive face of the actor Brad Pitt with its perfume Chanel N? 5.If Brad Pitt elicits an innate response from you,he is being used as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned response. 
B)  conditioned response. 
C)  conditioned stimulus. 
D)  unconditioned stimulus.

Question 13

Riley ate too much chocolate cake during his birthday party and was sick all night.If classical conditioning occurred and he associated the cake with being sick,then when Riley sees cake today,he will most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  be happy because it reminds him of the great time he had at his party. 
B)  want to eat more cake because he is still celebrating his birthday. 
C)  be turned off by the smell and the memory of the taste of cake. 
D)  save the cake for later when he feels a little bit better.

Question 14

Claire wants to write a paper about how often animals use observational learning.Which of the following should Claire NOT include as evidence to support her point that animals use observational learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  A rat learns to run through a maze quickly to get the food at the end of the maze. 
B)  A lab-raised monkey sees a wild monkey's reaction to a snake and then becomes fearful of snakes. 
C)  A puppy learns to get to the food kept in the pantry after watching his mother open the door. 
D)  A cheetah injures rather than kills her prey in order to teach her cubs how to hunt.

Question 15

Susie wants to use operant conditioning to teach her cat to sit up for a treat.A psychologist who has conducted research that would be useful to her in this situation is

Accepted Answer

A)  Edward Thorndike. 
B)  John Watson. 
C)  Alfred Bandura. 
D)  Ivan Pavlov.

Question 16

Gavin is a 3-year-old who used to color on the walls with his crayons.Gavin's father told him,"We color on paper,not on walls," and gave him a time-out.Gavin does not color on the walls anymore,which is most likely a result of all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  associative learning. 
B)  long-term potentiation. 
C)  learning. 
D)  non-associative learning.

Question 17

Genevieve wants her students to learn how to read their textbooks to answer questions about the material.She has her students do an ungraded in-class activity where they read sections of the book and answer questions about what they read on an activity sheet.A few weeks later,Genevieve assigns an activity sheet to go with her students' reading,but this time they receive a grade for finding the answers in the text.If the students do a good job and earn high grades on their answers,then their performance is most likely a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  a cognitive map. 
B)  insight learning. 
C)  latent learning. 
D)  vicarious conditioning.

Question 18

Lenny needs to quickly train his cows to use one specific field when they graze.The reinforcement that will allow the cows to learn most quickly is ________ reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)  partial 
B)  interval 
C)  continuous 
D)  fixed

Question 19

If Dr.Raybel wants to observe how people learn to play a new game,he may want to consult the founder of behaviorism,

Accepted Answer

A)  Ivan Pavlov. 
B)  John Watson. 
C)  Alfred Bandura. 
D)  John Locke.

Question 20

Dante was recently bitten in the leg by a snake and now has learned to fear snakes.If his fear is out of proportion with the danger posed by snakes,then Dante has developed

Accepted Answer

A)  an evolutionary adaptation. 
B)  stimulus discrimination. 
C)  a phobia. 
D)  second-order conditioning.

Exam 6: Learning

Dr.Wolfgang would like to conduct a study examining how children learn to use slang words based on listening to their peers.Dr.Wolfgang's research would benefit if he read the work of ________,a psychologist who investigated observational learning.

Katie is afraid of clowns.She has been trying to overcome this fear by getting into a relaxed state and then looking at pictures of clowns.After months of this exposure,she is no longer afraid when she sees a clown.Katie has been using ________ to overcome her fear.

Miranda is learning how to play tennis.She has a unique way of hitting a backhand shot,but after a lesson with a professional instructor,Miranda changes her backhand technique because the technique she saw her instructor use is more efficient.Miranda has learned to improve her tennis due to

Channing believes that the best way to get his boyfriend to clean up after himself is by initiating sex as soon as his boyfriend cleans up the apartment.Channing knows that sex is a reinforcer that will likely the probability that his boyfriend will clean the apartment in the future.

If Carlos wants to use classical conditioning so his 3-year-old sister learns to be afraid of dogs,he should

Joseph used classical conditioning to teach his sister to be afraid of squirrels.If he is successful,the neutral stimulus,the squirrel,must have been paired with a(n) ,such as .

Mario believes that his son is learning to be aggressive because he plays violent video games.In what way could observational learning explain the connection Mario sees between media and his son's behavior?

Dr.Shaw has a patient who has a phobia of spiders and also loves doing puzzles.Dr.Shaw exposes the patient to spiders briefly while having the patient complete a fun puzzle.Dr.Shaw is using ________ to treat his patient's phobia.

When Mitch watches his brother Jacob stand on tiptoes to open the cabinet door,which of the following is most likely happening in Mitch's brain?

Timothy believes that his infant son was born as a blank slate,knowing nothing about the world.This information suggests that Timothy most likely believes in

A perfume advertisement uses classical conditioning to increase product appeal.To do this,it pairs the attractive face of the actor Brad Pitt with its perfume Chanel N? 5.If Brad Pitt elicits an innate response from you,he is being used as a(n)

Riley ate too much chocolate cake during his birthday party and was sick all night.If classical conditioning occurred and he associated the cake with being sick,then when Riley sees cake today,he will most likely

Claire wants to write a paper about how often animals use observational learning.Which of the following should Claire NOT include as evidence to support her point that animals use observational learning?

Susie wants to use operant conditioning to teach her cat to sit up for a treat.A psychologist who has conducted research that would be useful to her in this situation is

Gavin is a 3-year-old who used to color on the walls with his crayons.Gavin's father told him,"We color on paper,not on walls," and gave him a time-out.Gavin does not color on the walls anymore,which is most likely a result of all of the following EXCEPT

Lenny needs to quickly train his cows to use one specific field when they graze.The reinforcement that will allow the cows to learn most quickly is ________ reinforcement.

If Dr.Raybel wants to observe how people learn to play a new game,he may want to consult the founder of behaviorism,

Dante was recently bitten in the leg by a snake and now has learned to fear snakes.If his fear is out of proportion with the danger posed by snakes,then Dante has developed

Exam 6: Learning

Dr.Wolfgang would like to conduct a study examining how children learn to use slang words based on listening to their peers.Dr.Wolfgang's research would benefit if he read the work of ________,a psychologist who investigated observational learning.

Katie is afraid of clowns.She has been trying to overcome this fear by getting into a relaxed state and then looking at pictures of clowns.After months of this exposure,she is no longer afraid when she sees a clown.Katie has been using ________ to overcome her fear.

Miranda is learning how to play tennis.She has a unique way of hitting a backhand shot,but after a lesson with a professional instructor,Miranda changes her backhand technique because the technique she saw her instructor use is more efficient.Miranda has learned to improve her tennis due to

If Carlos wants to use classical conditioning so his 3-year-old sister learns to be afraid of dogs,he should

Joseph used classical conditioning to teach his sister to be afraid of squirrels.If he is successful,the neutral stimulus,the squirrel,must have been paired with a(n) ________,such as ________.

Mario believes that his son is learning to be aggressive because he plays violent video games.In what way could observational learning explain the connection Mario sees between media and his son's behavior?

Dr.Shaw has a patient who has a phobia of spiders and also loves doing puzzles.Dr.Shaw exposes the patient to spiders briefly while having the patient complete a fun puzzle.Dr.Shaw is using ________ to treat his patient's phobia.

When Mitch watches his brother Jacob stand on tiptoes to open the cabinet door,which of the following is most likely happening in Mitch's brain?

Timothy believes that his infant son was born as a blank slate,knowing nothing about the world.This information suggests that Timothy most likely believes in

A perfume advertisement uses classical conditioning to increase product appeal.To do this,it pairs the attractive face of the actor Brad Pitt with its perfume Chanel N? 5.If Brad Pitt elicits an innate response from you,he is being used as a(n)

Riley ate too much chocolate cake during his birthday party and was sick all night.If classical conditioning occurred and he associated the cake with being sick,then when Riley sees cake today,he will most likely

Claire wants to write a paper about how often animals use observational learning.Which of the following should Claire NOT include as evidence to support her point that animals use observational learning?

Susie wants to use operant conditioning to teach her cat to sit up for a treat.A psychologist who has conducted research that would be useful to her in this situation is

Gavin is a 3-year-old who used to color on the walls with his crayons.Gavin's father told him,"We color on paper,not on walls," and gave him a time-out.Gavin does not color on the walls anymore,which is most likely a result of all of the following EXCEPT

Lenny needs to quickly train his cows to use one specific field when they graze.The reinforcement that will allow the cows to learn most quickly is ________ reinforcement.

If Dr.Raybel wants to observe how people learn to play a new game,he may want to consult the founder of behaviorism,

Dante was recently bitten in the leg by a snake and now has learned to fear snakes.If his fear is out of proportion with the danger posed by snakes,then Dante has developed

Joseph used classical conditioning to teach his sister to be afraid of squirrels.If he is successful,the neutral stimulus,the squirrel,must have been paired with a(n) ,such as .