Field and Lawson (2003) Reported the Effects of Giving Children $\quad$

Multiple Choice

Field and Lawson (2003) reported the effects of giving children aged 7-9 years positive, negative or no information about novel animals (Australian marsupials) . This variable was called 'Infotype'. The gender of the child was also examined. The outcome was the time taken for the children to put their hand in a box in which they believed either the positive, negative, or no information animal was housed (positive values = longer than average approach times, negative values = shorter than average approach times) . Based on the output below, what could you conclude? $\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$ Tests of Within-Subjects Effects
Measure: MEASURE 1
$\begin{array}{|ll|r|r|r|r|r|} \hline & \text { Source } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Type III Sum } \\\text { of Squares }\end{array} &{\text { df }} & \text { Mean Square } & {\text { F }} &{\text { Sig. }} \\\hline \text { INFOTYPE } & \text { Sphericity Assumed } & 9.177 & 2 & 4.588 & 7.283 & .001 \\& \text { Greenhouse-Geisser } & 9.177 & 1.940 & 4.730 & 7.283 & .001 \\& \text { Huynh-Feldt } & 9.177 & 2.000 & 4.588 & 7.283 & .001 \\& \text { Lower-bound } & 9.177 & 1.000 & 9.177 & 7.283 & .010 \\\hline \text { INFOTYPE * GENDER } & \text { Sphericity Assumed } & .599 & 2 & .299 & .475 & .623 \\& \text { Greenhouse-Geisser } & .599 & 1.940 & .309 & .475 & .618 \\& \text { Huynh-Feldt } & .599 & 2.000 & .299 & .475 & .623 \\& \text { Lower-bound } & .599 & 1.000 & .599 & .475 & 495 \\\hline \text { Error(INFOTYPE) } & \text { Sphericity Assumed } & 51.664 & 82 & .630 & & \\& \text { Greenhouse-Geisser } & 51.664 & 79.544 & .650 & & \\& \text { Huynh-Feldt } & 51.664 & 82.000 & 630 & &\\\hline\end{array}$ $\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$ Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
Measure: MEASURE_1
Transformed Variable: Average
$\begin{array}{|l|r|r|r|r|r|}\hline \text { Source } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Type III Sum } \\\text { of Squares }\end{array} & {\text { df }} & \text { Mean Square } &{\text { F }} & {\text { Sig. }} \\\hline \text { Intercept } & 2.034 \mathrm{E}-02 & 1 & 2.034 \mathrm{E}-02 & .049 & 826 \\\text { GENDER } & 1.822 \mathrm{E}-03 & 1 & 1.822 \mathrm{E}-03 & 004 & .948 \\\text { Error } & 17.109 & 41 & -417 & & \\\hline\end{array}$

A) Approach times were significantly different for the boxes containing the different animals, and the pattern of results was affected by gender.
B) Approach times were not significantly different for the boxes containing the different animals, but the pattern of results was affected by gender.
C) Approach times were not significantly different for the boxes containing the different animals, but the pattern of results was unaffected by gender.
D) Approach times were significantly different for the boxes containing the different animals, but the pattern of results was unaffected by gender.