Question 1

For many people, a 50-50 flip of a coin for $100 might not be worth as much as a sure promise of $50, even though the gamble is mathematically worth twice as much as the sure thing. This is an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  selective perception 
B)  self-serving bias 
C)  risk aversion 
D)  availability bias 
E)  confirmation bias

Question 2

A common tendency related to the overconfidence bias is that as managers and employees become more knowledgeable about an issue, they become more likely to display overconfidence.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

We use a number of shortcuts when we judge others. All of the following are shortcuts that we use to judge others except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  stereotyping 
B)  the halo effect 
C)  the contrast effect 
D)  the self-serving bias 
E)  selective perception

Question 4

We tend to accept at face value information that confirms our preconceived views, while we are critical and skeptical of information that challenges these views.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

A focus on utilitarianism promotes the rights of minorities.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

With reference to decision making, satisficing involves ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  identifying all possible alternative decisions 
B)  seeking solutions that are satisfactory and sufficient 
C)  evaluating all possible alternatives objectively 
D)  selecting the best option with the highest utility 
E)  using an unconscious decision-making process created from distilled experience

Question 7

You have heard that the teacher believes that men perform better in oral presentations than women. What shortcut has the teacher used in this case?

Accepted Answer

A)  the halo effect 
B)  the contrast effect 
C)  the hindsight bias 
D)  stereotyping 
E)  the self-serving bias

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true regarding the hindsight bias?

Accepted Answer

A)  It indicates a tendency to fixate on initial information and fail to adequately adjust for subsequent information. 
B)  It indicates that we seek out information that reaffirms our past choices, and we discount information that contradicts them. 
C)  It indicates our tendency to base judgments on information readily available. 
D)  It indicates our tendency to believe falsely, after the outcome is known, that we would have accurately predicted it. 
E)  It indicates our tendency to draw a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic, such as intelligence.

Question 9

When neither the perceiver nor the target has changed, which of the following factors influences perception?

Accepted Answer

A)  self-serving bias 
B)  stereotyping 
C)  satisficing 
D)  selective perception 
E)  situation

Question 10

Which of the following statements best represents a halo effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  We tend to attribute our own successes to internal factors but we tend to put the blame for our failure on external factors. 
B)  We tend to judge someone on the basis of our perception of the group to which he or she belongs. 
C)  Our reaction to a person is influenced by other persons we have recently encountered. 
D)  We tend to draw a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic, such as intelligence, sociability, or appearance. 
E)  When we make judgments about the behavior of other people, we tend to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal or personal factors.

Question 11

________ indicates the tendency of an individual to attribute his own successes to internal factors while putting the blame for failures on external factors.

Accepted Answer

A)  Fundamental attribution error 
B)  Self-serving bias 
C)  Distinction bias 
D)  Selective perception 
E)  Stereotyping

Question 12

Business schools generally train students to follow ________ decision-making models.

Accepted Answer

A)  intuitive 
B)  convolutional 
C)  rational 
D)  bounded rationality 
E)  sequential

Question 13

David is of the opinion that people who drive SUVs are dangerous drivers. He often thinks that people driving SUVs are driving rashly, even when other observers can see nothing wrong with the behavior of the SUV drivers. What factor is affecting his perception in this case?

Accepted Answer

A)  his interests 
B)  his personality 
C)  his expectations 
D)  his motives 
E)  his attitude

Question 14

Which of the following types of biases in decision making represents the tendency of decision makers to prefer a sure thing?

Accepted Answer

A)  hindsight bias 
B)  bounded rationality 
C)  escalation of commitment 
D)  selective perception 
E)  risk aversion

Question 15

If a person responds the same way over time, the attribution theory states that the behavior shows ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  distinctiveness 
B)  consensus 
C)  consistency 
D)  continuity 
E)  stability

Question 16

Our perception of reality can be substantially different from objective reality.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

From the 1930s through the mid-1980s, General Motors consistently gave promotions and bonuses to managers who kept a low profile and avoided controversy. This is an example of which of the following organizational constraints?

Accepted Answer

A)  performance evaluation 
B)  reward systems 
C)  formal regulations 
D)  system-imposed time constraints 
E)  historical precedents

Question 18

Which of the following traits does a decision maker need to have if they are to fully appraise a problem and even see problems that others are not aware of?

Accepted Answer

A)  creativity 
B)  rationality 
C)  conceptual style 
D)  intuition 
E)  individuality

Question 19

When we draw a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic, such as intelligence, sociability, or appearance we are using a shortcut called the contrast effect.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

What factors that operate to shape and sometimes distort perception reside in the perceiver, what factors reside in the target being perceived, and what factors reside in the context of the situation in which the perception is made?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What factors that operate to shape and...

Exam 6: Perception and Individual Decision Making

For many people, a 50-50 flip of a coin for $100 might not be worth as much as a sure promise of $50, even though the gamble is mathematically worth twice as much as the sure thing. This is an example of ________.

A common tendency related to the overconfidence bias is that as managers and employees become more knowledgeable about an issue, they become more likely to display overconfidence.

We use a number of shortcuts when we judge others. All of the following are shortcuts that we use to judge others except ________.

We tend to accept at face value information that confirms our preconceived views, while we are critical and skeptical of information that challenges these views.

A focus on utilitarianism promotes the rights of minorities.

With reference to decision making, satisficing involves ________.

You have heard that the teacher believes that men perform better in oral presentations than women. What shortcut has the teacher used in this case?

Which of the following statements is true regarding the hindsight bias?

When neither the perceiver nor the target has changed, which of the following factors influences perception?

Which of the following statements best represents a halo effect?

________ indicates the tendency of an individual to attribute his own successes to internal factors while putting the blame for failures on external factors.

Business schools generally train students to follow ________ decision-making models.

David is of the opinion that people who drive SUVs are dangerous drivers. He often thinks that people driving SUVs are driving rashly, even when other observers can see nothing wrong with the behavior of the SUV drivers. What factor is affecting his perception in this case?

Which of the following types of biases in decision making represents the tendency of decision makers to prefer a sure thing?

If a person responds the same way over time, the attribution theory states that the behavior shows ________.

Our perception of reality can be substantially different from objective reality.

From the 1930s through the mid-1980s, General Motors consistently gave promotions and bonuses to managers who kept a low profile and avoided controversy. This is an example of which of the following organizational constraints?

Which of the following traits does a decision maker need to have if they are to fully appraise a problem and even see problems that others are not aware of?

When we draw a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic, such as intelligence, sociability, or appearance we are using a shortcut called the contrast effect.

What factors that operate to shape and sometimes distort perception reside in the perceiver, what factors reside in the target being perceived, and what factors reside in the context of the situation in which the perception is made?