Question 1

Decision makers construct simplified models that extract the essential features from problems without capturing all their complexity. That is, they operate within the confines of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  optimal decision making 
B)  intuitive decision making 
C)  bounded rationality 
D)  rationality 
E)  common sense

Question 2

Nolan likes to dress in the most trendy and flashiest styles. Due to the concept of perception, in which setting are you least likely to notice what Nolan is wearing?

Accepted Answer

A)  at a nightclub 
B)  at the office 
C)  at the mall 
D)  at a restaurant 
E)  at school

Question 3

Because it is impossible for us to assimilate everything we see, we engage in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  selective perception 
B)  cognitive dissonance 
C)  self-serving bias 
D)  emotional labor 
E)  fundamental attribution error

Question 4

List and explain any three decision biases or errors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List and explain any three decision biases...

Question 5

An individual's place in the interview schedule may affect the interviewer's evaluation of the applicant. This is an example of confirmation bias.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Passive positive moods, such as calm, are more conducive to creativity than moods such as happiness that encourage interaction with the world.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Our perception of a target is affected by the characteristics of the target and not by our personality and past experiences.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

When we judge someone on the basis of our perception of the group to which he/she belongs, it is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  confirmation bias 
B)  stereotyping 
C)  framing effect 
D)  distinction bias 
E)  bandwagon effect

Question 9

The three criteria for making ethical decisions are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  utilitarianism, creativity, and rights 
B)  historical precedents, rights, and utilitarianism 
C)  rewards, regulations, and time orientation 
D)  utilitarianism, rights, and justice 
E)  historical precedents, reward, and justice

Question 10

We don't evaluate a person in isolation. Our reaction to a person is influenced by other persons we have recently encountered. This is known as the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  halo effect 
B)  contrast effect 
C)  confirmation bias 
D)  framing effect 
E)  impact bias

Question 11

Whenever Jane is successful she takes full credit for her success, but whenever she is unsuccessful she attributes her failure to bad luck or blames one of her fellow employees. She is guilty of the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  fundamental attribution error 
B)  attribution bias 
C)  confirmation bias 
D)  distinction bias 
E)  self-serving bias

Question 12

Allison has just presented her paper and has done a really good job. Why should you not want to present your own paper directly after she does?

Accepted Answer

A)  to avoid the stereotyping effect 
B)  to avoid the halo effect 
C)  to avoid the contrast effect 
D)  to avoid the projection effect 
E)  to avoid the fundamental attribution error

Question 13

In the real world, what do people typically do when making a decision about a problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  follow the rational decision-making model 
B)  seek the optimal decision 
C)  obtain complete information about all possible alternatives before making a decision 
D)  evaluate all the possible options in an unbiased and objective manner 
E)  find a satisfactory and sufficient solution

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true regarding the rational decision-making model?

Accepted Answer

A)  The rational decision-making model takes into consideration the limited information-processing capability of individuals. 
B)  Rational decision-making models involve constructing simplified models that extract the essential features from problems without capturing all their complexity. 
C)  The rational decision-making model involves satisficing; seek solutions that are satisfactory and sufficient. 
D)  The rational decision-making model assumes that an individual is able to identify all the relevant options in an unbiased manner. 
E)  The rational decision-making process is an unconscious one created from distilled experience.

Question 15

Robbie and Brent are both coaches for a city youth baseball league which has recently experienced a five game losing streak. Robbie is concerned that the team is not practicing enough while Brent thinks that it is just a slump. The discrepancy within their thoughts is explained by:

Accepted Answer

A)  bounded rationality 
B)  Halo Effect 
C)  perceptual issue 
D)  intuition 
E)  escalation of commitment

Question 16

Discuss the attribution theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the attribution theory....

Question 17

________ theory tries to explain the ways in which we judge people differently, depending on the meaning we attribute to a given behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  ERG 
B)  Hierarchy of needs 
C)  Acquired needs 
D)  Attribution 
E)  Two factor

Question 18

Which of the following is a component of the three-component model that is considered as the foundation for all creative work?

Accepted Answer

A)  expertise 
B)  creative thinking skills 
C)  intrinsic task motivation 
D)  intuition 
E)  analytical skills

Question 19

________ is a highly complex and highly developed form of reasoning that is based on years of experience and learning.

Accepted Answer

A)  Contrast effect 
B)  Halo effect 
C)  Intuition 
D)  Selective perception 
E)  Emotional intelligence

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true regarding a contrast effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Our tendency to attribute our success to internal factors and blame our failure on external factors is called the contrast effect. 
B)  The contrast effect states that we tend to judge someone on the basis of our perception of the group to which he or she belongs. 
C)  A person appears more appealing than normal when compared with a person of less appeal due to the contrast effect. 
D)  If we think that women won't relocate for a promotion, we are using a shortcut to judge all women and it is called the contrast effect. 
E)  The contrast effect indicates a tendency to fixate on initial information and fail to adequately adjust for subsequent information.

Exam 6: Perception and Individual Decision Making

Decision makers construct simplified models that extract the essential features from problems without capturing all their complexity. That is, they operate within the confines of ________.

Nolan likes to dress in the most trendy and flashiest styles. Due to the concept of perception, in which setting are you least likely to notice what Nolan is wearing?

Because it is impossible for us to assimilate everything we see, we engage in ________.

List and explain any three decision biases or errors.

An individual's place in the interview schedule may affect the interviewer's evaluation of the applicant. This is an example of confirmation bias.

Passive positive moods, such as calm, are more conducive to creativity than moods such as happiness that encourage interaction with the world.

Our perception of a target is affected by the characteristics of the target and not by our personality and past experiences.

When we judge someone on the basis of our perception of the group to which he/she belongs, it is called ________.

The three criteria for making ethical decisions are ________.

We don't evaluate a person in isolation. Our reaction to a person is influenced by other persons we have recently encountered. This is known as the ________.

Whenever Jane is successful she takes full credit for her success, but whenever she is unsuccessful she attributes her failure to bad luck or blames one of her fellow employees. She is guilty of the ________.

Allison has just presented her paper and has done a really good job. Why should you not want to present your own paper directly after she does?

In the real world, what do people typically do when making a decision about a problem?

Which of the following statements is true regarding the rational decision-making model?

Robbie and Brent are both coaches for a city youth baseball league which has recently experienced a five game losing streak. Robbie is concerned that the team is not practicing enough while Brent thinks that it is just a slump. The discrepancy within their thoughts is explained by:

Discuss the attribution theory.

________ theory tries to explain the ways in which we judge people differently, depending on the meaning we attribute to a given behavior.

Which of the following is a component of the three-component model that is considered as the foundation for all creative work?

________ is a highly complex and highly developed form of reasoning that is based on years of experience and learning.

Which of the following statements is true regarding a contrast effect?