Question 1

The theory that good actions are those aligned with the will of God is called .

Accepted Answer

the divine command theory

Question 2

A positive right is a right that obligates others to .

Accepted Answer

do something for someone

Question 3

Thomas Hobbes argued that everyone living in a civilized society has implicitly agreed to two things: 1) establishment of moral rules to govern relations among citizens, and 2) a government capable of enforcing these rules. Hobbes calls this arrangement .

Accepted Answer

the social contract

Question 4

The theory that the meaning of "right" and "wrong" rests with a society's actual moral guidelines is called .

Accepted Answer

The answer of The theory that the meaning of "right"...

Question 5

According to Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, an action is right or wrong) to the extent that it increases or decreases) .

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart...

Question 6

According to Kant, the moral value of an action depends upon

Accepted Answer

A)   its consequences.
B)   the underlying moral rule.
C)   how closely it aligns with Biblical teachings.
D)   how closely it aligns with the law.
E)   the extent to which it produces happiness.

Question 7

According to the second formulation of the Categorical Imperative,

Accepted Answer

A)   the moral worth of a person depends upon that person's actions.
B)   one good turn deserves another.
C)   bad deeds should be punished.
D)   it is wrong for one person to "use" another.
E)   the moral worth of a person depends upon that person's intentions.

Question 8

Ethics is the ____________of morality.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ethics is the ____________of morality....

Question 9

Rules of conduct describing what people ought and ought not to do in various situations are called

Accepted Answer

A)   ethics.
B)   ideals.
C)   morality.
D)   philosophy.
E)   virtues.

Question 10

Utilitarianism is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   a consequentialist theory.
B)   the social contract theory.
C)   a non-consequentialist theory.
D)   a practical implementation of the divine command theory.
E)   a relativistic theory.

Question 11

We call utilitarianism a theory, because it focuses on the consequences of an action.

Accepted Answer

The answer of We call utilitarianism a theory, because it...

Question 12

Which of the following is an argument in favor of ethical egoism?

Accepted Answer

A)   Ethical egoism is supported by verses in the Bible.
B)   People are naturally altruistic.
C)   The community can benefit when individuals put their well-being first.
D)   It is not true that people naturally act in their own long-term self-interest.
E)   Ethical egoism treats all persons as moral equals.

Question 13

The study of ethics dates back to the time of , who faced an unjust death penalty rather than take advantage of an opportunity to flee into exile with his family.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The study of ethics dates back to...

Question 14

John Rawls proposed the difference principle, that says any social and economic equalities must be "to the greatest benefit of ."

Accepted Answer

The answer of John Rawls proposed the difference principle, that...

Question 15

Objectivism is based on the idea that

Accepted Answer

A)   there are no universal moral principles.
B)   morality has an existence outside the human mind.
C)   morality and law are identical.
D)   there is no such thing as free will.
E)   God does not exist.

Question 16

According to Kant, our sense of "ought to" is called

Accepted Answer

A)   necessity.
B)   insecurity.
C)   paranoia.
D)   love.
E)   dutifulness.

Question 17

Two philosophers closely associated with utilitarianism are

Accepted Answer

A)   Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill.
B)   Immanuel Kant and Jeremy Bentham.
C)   Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill.
D)   John Stuart Mill and John Rawls.
E)   Jean-Jacques Rousseau and John Rawls.

Question 18

An absolute right is a right that .

Accepted Answer

The answer of An absolute right is a right that...

Question 19

According to social contract theory, we have a obligation to obey the law.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to social contract theory, we have...

Question 20

The divine command theory is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   relativism.
B)   objectivism.
C)   egoism.
D)   existentialism.
E)   materialism.

Exam 2: Introduction to Ethics