Question 1

According to James Moor, taking "the ethical point of view" means

Accepted Answer

A)  abiding by your religious beliefs. 
B)  deciding that other people and their core values are worthy of your respect. 
C)  choosing to sacrifice your own good for the good of someone else. 
D)  putting your own self interests above those of everyone else. 
E)  refusing to accept help from other people.

Question 2

The theory that each person should focus exclusively on his or her own self-interest is called .

Accepted Answer

The answer of The theory that each person should focus...

Question 3

A negative right is a right that another person can guarantee by .

Accepted Answer

The answer of A negative right is a right that...

Question 4

is the theory that there are no universal moral norms of right and wrong.

Accepted Answer

The answer of is the theory that there are no...

Question 5

Thomas Hobbes called life without rules and a means of enforcing them

Accepted Answer

A)  utopia. 
B)  anarchy. 
C)  democracy. 
D)  communism. 
E)  the state of nature.

Question 6

The problem of moral luck is raised as a criticism of

Accepted Answer

A)  the divine command theory. 
B)  act utilitarianism. 
C)  rule utilitarianism. 
D)  cultural relativism. 
E)  Kantianism.

Question 7

A right that another can guarantee by leaving you alone to exercise the right is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  positive right. 
B)  negative right. 
C)  absolute right. 
D)  limited right. 
E)  proverbial right.

Question 8

A right that is guaranteed without exception is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  positive right. 
B)  negative right. 
C)  absolute right. 
D)  limited right. 
E)  proverbial right.

Question 9

The Principle of Utility is also called

Accepted Answer

A)  the Categorical Imperative. 
B)  the Difference Principle. 
C)  the Greatest Happiness Principle. 
D)  the Social Contract. 
E)  the Ten Commandments.

Question 10

Immanuel Kant concluded that the only thing in the world that can be called good without qualification is .

Accepted Answer

The answer of Immanuel Kant concluded that the only thing...

Question 11

Utilitarianism does not mean "the greatest good of the greatest number" because

Accepted Answer

A)  it is impossible to calculate "the greatest good." 
B)  it focuses solely on "the greatest good" and pays no attention to how "the good" is distributed. 
C)  some people have no moral worth. 
D)  it is impossible to maximize "the good" without ruining the environment. 
E)  All of the above

Question 12

Kant said we should act only from moral rules that we can at the same time will to be universal moral laws. He also said we should act so that we always treat ourselves and other people as ends in themselves, and never only as a means to an end. Kant called these duties .

Accepted Answer

The answer of Kant said we should act only from...

Question 13

The theory that people decide for themselves what is right and wrong is called .

Accepted Answer

The answer of The theory that people decide for themselves...

Question 14

A limited right is a right that .

Accepted Answer

The answer of A limited right is a right that...

Question 15

Ethical egoism is

Accepted Answer

A)  not based on reason or logic. 
B)  based on determining long-term beneficial consequences. 
C)  the divine command theory by another name. 
D)  Kantianism by another name. 
E)  utilitarianism by another name.

Question 16

An association of people organized under a system of rules designed to advance the good of its members over time is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  business. 
B)  constitution. 
C)  government. 
D)  monopoly. 
E)  society.

Question 17

Ethics is focused on the , moral choices people make.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ethics is focused on the , moral...

Question 18

The logical error of trying to equate two things that are similar is called .

Accepted Answer

The answer of The logical error of trying to equate...

Question 19

The theory that morality exists outside the human mind is called .

Accepted Answer

The answer of The theory that morality exists outside the...

Question 20

Which of the following is an argument in favor of the divine command theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  The divine command theory is not based on reason. 
B)  It is fallacious to equate "the good" with "God." 
C)  God is all-knowing. 
D)  Some moral problems are not addressed directly in scripture. 
E)  The Bible has contradictory moral teachings.

Exam 2: Introduction to Ethics