Question 1

The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of

Accepted Answer

A)   withdrawal.
B)   dissociation.
C)   tolerance.
D)   narcolepsy. C

Question 2

Sleep deprivation increases levels of the hunger-arousing hormone _______ and decreases levels of the hunger-suppressing hormone ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   melatonin; cortisol
B)   serotonin; dopamine
C)   ghrelin; leptin
D)   epinephrine; norepinephrine C

Question 3

An evolutionary psychologist would be likely to suggest that human preferences for sweet-tasting foods

Accepted Answer

A)   have hindered human reproduction.
B)   are genetically predisposed.
C)   vary widely across cultures.
D)   illustrate neural plasticity. B

Question 4

Signal reception is to ________ as signal transmission is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   interneuron; neural network
B)   dendrite; axon
C)   neurotransmitter; hormone
D)   sympathetic nervous system; parasympathetic nervous system

Question 5

Suppose that unhypnotized adults who are encouraged to behave like children act just as genuinely childlike as hypnotized adults who are encouraged to act in a childlike manner. This fact would most clearly support

Accepted Answer

A)   Freud's dream theory.
B)   social influence theory.
C)   neural activation theory.
D)   dissociation theory.

Question 6

Sleep spindles are characteristic of ________ sleep.

Accepted Answer

A)   NREM-1
B)   NREM-2
C)   NREM-3
D)   REM

Question 7

Dreams often involve sudden emotional reactions and surprising changes in scene. This best serves to support the theory that dreams

Accepted Answer

A)   strengthen our memories of the preceding day's events.
B)   reflect one's level of cognitive development.
C)   prepare us for the stress and challenges of the following day.
D)   are triggered by random bursts of neural activity.

Question 8

Reduced immune system functioning is most likely to accompany long-term repeated use of

Accepted Answer

A)   Nembutal.
B)   caffeine.
C)   Ecstasy.
D)   morphine.

Question 9

Research studies of the content of dreams indicate that

Accepted Answer

A)   men are less likely than women to report dreams with sexual overtones.
B)   the genital arousal that occurs during sleep is typically related to sexual dreams.
C)   people are more likely to dream of failure than of success.
D)   most dreams are pleasant, exotic, and unrelated to ordinary daily life.

Question 10

In terms of evolutionary development, the oldest regions of the brain are those that regulate

Accepted Answer

A)   memory.
B)   emotion.
C)   breathing.
D)   foresight.

Question 11

Hypnotized people are no more likely to perform dangerous acts than those who are asked to simulate hypnosis. This fact is most consistent with

Accepted Answer

A)   the neural activation theory.
B)   dissociation theory.
C)   Freud's dream theory.
D)   social influence theory.

Question 12

A periodic, natural loss of consciousness that involves distinct stages is known as

Accepted Answer

A)   the circadian rhythm.
B)   narcolepsy.
C)   dissociation.
D)   sleep.

Question 13

Thinking is sharpest and memory is most accurate when people are at their daily peak in

Accepted Answer

A)   melatonin secretion.
B)   circadian arousal.
C)   REM rebound.
D)   neuroadaptation.

Question 14

A person who requires increasing amounts of a drug in order to feel its effect is said to have developed

Accepted Answer

A)   tolerance.
B)   REM rebound.
C)   withdrawal symptoms.
D)   resistance.

Question 15

Sensory neurons transmit signals to

Accepted Answer

A)   glands.
B)   glial cells.
C)   motor neurons.
D)   interneurons.

Question 16

Alcohol consumption is likely to ________ attention to an arousing provocation and ________ attention to normal inhibitions.

Accepted Answer

A)   decrease; increase
B)   increase; decrease
C)   decrease; decrease
D)   increase; increase

Question 17

The thread-like structures that contain genes are called

Accepted Answer

A)   synapses.
B)   endorphins.
C)   chromosomes.
D)   genomes.

Question 18

Compared with nonsmokers, smokers experience

Accepted Answer

A)   lower rates of depression and higher rates of divorce.
B)   higher rates of depression and lower rates of divorce.
C)   lower rates of depression and lower rates of divorce.
D)   higher rates of depression and higher rates of divorce.

Question 19

Morphine and heroin are

Accepted Answer

A)   glial cells.
B)   hormones.
C)   dendrites.
D)   opiates.

Question 20

People who heard unusual phrases prior to sleep were awakened each time they began REM sleep. The fact that they remembered less the next morning provides support for the ________ theory of dreaming.

Accepted Answer

A)   manifest content
B)   physiological
C)   information-processing
D)   cognitive development

Exam 3: Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind