Question 1

For a researcher to have confidence in his/her results,the level of internal validity should:

Accepted Answer

A)   vary.
B)   be high.
C)   be low.
D)   not matter. B

Question 2

_____ is a measure that helps determine whether the manipulation effectively changed (or varied)the independent variable across conditions.

Accepted Answer

A)   Experimental realism
B)   Effect size
C)   Manipulation check
D)   Random assignment C

Question 3

As the number of participants in an experimental test session increases,the independence of a study:

Accepted Answer

A)   stays the same.
B)   decreases.
C)   increases.
D)   varies unpredictably. B

Question 4

Covariation tells us:

Accepted Answer

A)   that one variable causes changes in another variable.
B)   that two variables are associated with each other.
C)   that two variables are not associated with each other.
D)   that one variable is not responsible for changes in another variable.

Question 5

Which test statistic is NOT characteristic of an experimental result?

Accepted Answer

A)   effect size d
B)   t value
C)   p value
D)   Pearson r

Question 6

Luciana believes that practice makes perfect.To empirically test her belief,she conducts a study with two conditions.In one condition participants are asked to memorize a list of words after reviewing them only once.In another condition,they are asked to memorize a list of words,but are allowed to review them four times before being tested.If the results of her independent samples t-test revealed: t(50)= 5.07,p = .00,d = .73,what conclusion can she draw?

Accepted Answer

A)   She is correct,practice does lead to better performance.
B)   She is incorrect,practice does not lead to better performance.
C)   There is no relationship between practice and performance.
D)   She is incorrect,practice leads to worse performance.

Question 7

To answer a research question,one must accomplish each of the following tasks,EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)   make sure groups are similar on variables that may provide alternate explanations.
B)   determine that an experiment is the only appropriate way to examine the hypothesis.
C)   test the hypothesis.
D)   make sure the manipulation was effective.

Question 8

A sensitive measure is one that:

Accepted Answer

A)   is more likely to detect a difference between the experimental and control group.
B)   participants are likely to be deceived by.
C)   is less likely to detect a difference between the experimental and control group.
D)   mirrors conditions in the real world.

Question 9

Which of the following represents a nondirectional hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Professor Nils believes that bringing donuts to his class will have a negative impact on his course evaluations.
B)   Professor Nils believes that bringing donuts to his class will have a positive impact on his course evaluations.
C)   Professor Nils believes that bringing donuts to his class will have some type of impact on his course evaluations.
D)   Professor Nils believes that bringing donuts to his class will not have an impact on his course evaluations.

Question 10

For which of the following would an independent samples t-test be most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A)   examining the performance difference between participants who took a SAT preparation class and participants who did not
B)   investigating psychological adjustment following the loss of a loved one
C)   a cognitive study examining the difference in three different types of memory aids
D)   examining whether one's astrological sign predicts well-being

Question 11

In a study examining the impact of dietary supplements on weight loss,an experimenter would manipulate _____ and measure _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   participants' weight loss;dietary supplement use
B)   participants' use of dietary supplements;weight loss
C)   participants' use of dietary supplements;well-being
D)   participants' weight loss;daily caloric intake

Question 12

When asked to conduct an experiment for his Research Methods class,Santiago had 10 of his friends self-report on the frequency of their exposure to movie violence,as well as their typical level of aggression.Based on his results he concluded that watching violent movies causes people to be more aggressive.Santiago's teacher tells him that he has failed to conduct an experimental study.Why wouldn't this study be considered an experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)   He fails to establish covariation,which is a criterium for causation.
B)   There is no control group.
C)   Self-report measures are unreliable.
D)   This study is unable to assess gender differences in aggression.

Question 13

If Emmanuel is concerned about social desirability bias having an impact on his results,he should choose to use which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   a self-report measure for the independent variable
B)   a behavioral measure for the independent variable
C)   a self-report measure for the dependent variable
D)   a behavioral measure for the dependent variable

Question 14

Professor Tompkins notices that rats run quickly through a maze when exposed to loud noise.Identify which of the following is necessary to transform this observation into a two-group experimental design?

Accepted Answer

A)   multiple comparison conditions where rats run through mazes while exposed to several different volumes of noise
B)   multiple rats to observe running through the maze with loud noise
C)   a control condition where rats run through a maze without exposure to loud noise
D)   a subjective way to measure how fast a rat runs

Question 15

How might a researcher ensure that a study has independence?

Accepted Answer

A)   run participants one at a time
B)   use a convenience sample
C)   replicate previous findings
D)   run a pilot study

Question 16

Researcher notes are:

Accepted Answer

A)   the magnitude of the difference observed between experimental and control groups.
B)   a collection of comments that document any abnormalities that occurred during the study.
C)   a record of the degree to which the research setting influenced participants' behavior.
D)   the researcher's belief about how much the experiment resembles a real-world setting.

Question 17

Temporal precedence is established by showing that changes in the suspected cause occur _____ changes in the outcome.

Accepted Answer

A)   before
B)   at the same time as
C)   after
D)   regardless of

Question 18

Which of the following represents the largest effect size?

Accepted Answer

A)   d = .01
B)   d = .05
C)   d = .5
D)   d = .8

Question 19

If you were interested in empirically testing whether the saying,"More money,more problems" is true,which variable would you expect to see change first in order to establish temporal precedence?

Accepted Answer

A)   money
B)   problems
C)   neither,they would have to change at the same time
D)   neither,because money and problems are not related

Question 20

The effect size is the:

Accepted Answer

A)   measure of statistical significance.
B)   the degree to which one variable is related to another variable.
C)   the extent to which the experiment resembles a real world setting.
D)   magnitude of the difference between groups.

Exam 8: B: Two-Group Design: Texting: I Cant Get You Out of My Mind