Question 1

Independent samples t-tests compare _____ groups.

Accepted Answer

A)  two 
B)  three 
C)  four 
D)  five

Question 2

Sacha is interested in conducting an experiment examining the impact of sleep deprivation on memory.After analyzing her results,she finds a p-value of 0.08.Based on these findings,which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Memory has a statistically significant effect on sleep deprivation. 
B)  Sleep deprivation has a statistically significant effect on memory. 
C)  Memory does not a statistically significant effect on sleep deprivation. 
D)  Sleep deprivation does not have a statistically significant effect on memory.

Question 3

If you were conducting an experiment examining the impact of sleep deprivation on physical ability,which of the following would be an appropriate operational definition of sleep deprivation?

Accepted Answer

A)  being without sleep for more than 24 hours 
B)  getting more than 8 hours of sleep the night before the study 
C)  participants' self-reported amount of sleep the night before 
D)  the average amount of sleep Americans get in a given night

Question 4

In an experiment examining whether pet ownership leads to greater life satisfaction,pets would be considered the _____ variable,whereas life satisfaction would be considered the _____ variable.

Accepted Answer

A)  independent;dependent 
B)  dependent;independent 
C)  dependent;control 
D)  control;independent

Question 5

Researchers are hoping to _____ the null hypothesis by showing that _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  accept;the treatment had an effect 
B)  accept;the treatment did not cause an observable effect 
C)  reject;the treatment had an effect 
D)  reject;the treatment did not cause an observable effect

Question 6

The _____ hypothesis is a clear and specific prediction of how the independent variable will influence the dependent variable.

Accepted Answer

A)  null 
B)  experimental 
C)  continuous 
D)  control

Question 7

Researcher notes are important because they do each of the following,EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  minimize alternative explanations. 
B)  document abnormalities. 
C)  increase the impact of extraneous variables. 
D)  identify issues that arose during data collection that should be considered.

Question 8

In an experiment,a null hypothesis states that:

Accepted Answer

A)  there will be no difference between the experimental and control conditions. 
B)  there will be a difference between the experimental and control conditions. 
C)  the independent variable will have a negative effect on the dependent variable. 
D)  the independent variable will have a positive effect on the dependent variable.

Question 9

When entering data into a statistical computer program like SPSS,the key difference between experimental data and survey data is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the inclusion of a column for the independent variable. 
B)  the inclusion of a column for the dependent variable. 
C)  the inclusion of a row for the independent variable. 
D)  the inclusion of a row for the dependent variable.

Question 10

Professor Carlson is interested in understanding whether uniform color impacts football players' performances.In his study,_____ is manipulated and _____ is measured.

Accepted Answer

A)  performance;uniform color 
B)  uniform color;performance 
C)  performance;which team is playing 
D)  uniform color;years of playing experience

Question 11

Valentino is a health psychologist who is working on a campaign to encourage people to take the stairs instead of the elevator.He places posters in the elevators in his building.In one location the posters highlight the negative consequences of taking the elevator.In another location,the posters highlight the positive consequences of taking the stairs.He then measures how many people change their behavior at each location.What measure could Valentino include as a manipulation check?

Accepted Answer

A)  a self-report of participants' typical level of physical activity 
B)  a questionnaire asking about the content of the poster in their location 
C)  informant measures of participants' activity level outside of work 
D)  measures of daily caloric intake

Question 12

In presenting the findings of an independent samples t-test,which is the correct order of presentation for results?

Accepted Answer

A)  t score,effect size d,p level 
B)  t score,p level,effect size d 
C)  p level,t score,effect size d 
D)  effect size d,p level,t score,

Question 13

Veronica was thrilled to discover that her experimental manipulation resulted in a significant difference between conditions.Now,she is interested in knowing about the magnitude of the difference between the groups.To determine this,she should look at which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  p-value 
B)  t-value 
C)  degrees of freedom 
D)  effect size d

Question 14

A key component of an experiment is the control group.This is the condition that:

Accepted Answer

A)  receives the experimental manipulation. 
B)  the experimenter measures to determine the outcome. 
C)  serves as the baseline for comparison. 
D)  the experimenter does not randomly assign.

Question 15

An independent samples t-test that fails to reach statistical significance indicates that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the hypothesis has been proven true. 
B)  the hypothesis has been proven false. 
C)  there is not enough evidence to prove that the groups are significantly different. 
D)  the opposite of the hypothesis has been proven true.

Question 16

Joaquin conducts an independent samples t-test that reveals a significant effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable (p =.05).This means that the likelihood that the observed difference between groups is due to chance is:

Accepted Answer

A)  5%. 
B)  10%. 
C)  90%. 
D)  95%.

Question 17

Professor Montgomery is interested in testing the utility of a new teaching technique but is worried that individual differences between her students' levels of comprehension of the course material may affect her outcomes.How might she reduce this concern?

Accepted Answer

A)  use random sampling 
B)  use random assignment 
C)  use another professor's students 
D)  only examine students who are already doing well in the class

Question 18

Marcus is interested in examining whether attending preschool makes children more extraverted.In designing a study to examine this relationship,which of the following would NOT be a potential extraneous variables?

Accepted Answer

A)  the personalities of participants' classmates 
B)  the age at which one starts school 
C)  the personalities of participants' parents 
D)  whether the participant attends preschool

Question 19

Internal validity is a characteristic of which type of study?

Accepted Answer

A)  observational studies 
B)  correlations 
C)  experiments 
D)  interviews

Question 20

Jayla's experimental study revealed a significant result.Which of the following will help to increase her confidence in her findings?

Accepted Answer

A)  confirmation bias 
B)  covariation 
C)  a confederate 
D)  replication

Exam 8: B: Two-Group Design: Texting: I Cant Get You Out of My Mind