Question 1

Which of the following is not true about age-related issues?

Accepted Answer

A) Neurons are extremely sensitive to oxygen deficiency,so loss of brain function may occur due to narrowing of the blood vessels rather than aging. 
B) With age,some sensory receptors require more stimulation to function at the same level as before. 
C) Strength in the muscles that control breathing may be lost,leading to breathing difficulties. 
D) Osteoporosis,the loss of bone density,cannot be prevented and all women will suffer from it to some degree. 
E) All of the answer choices are true.

Question 2

The _____ develops into the fetal portion of the placenta.

Accepted Answer

A) amnion 
B) archenteron 
C) chorion 
D) yolk sac 
E) allantois

Question 3

Which statement is NOT true about homeotic genes?

Accepted Answer

A) Each homeotic gene has a variable region and a sequence called the homeobox that is very similar in all such genes. 
B) They have been found in almost all eukaryotic organisms. 
C) They are master genes that control all other genes in the organism. 
D) They are sequentially arranged on the chromosome in the same sequence they are activated during development of the embryo in Drosophila. 
E) All homeotic genes are thought to be derived from an original DNA sequence that has been highly conserved in evolution because of its importance to animal evolution.

Question 4

The formation of the lens of the vertebrate eye from a skin layer in contact with an outgrowth of the embryonic brain is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) cellular aggregation. 
B) induction. 
C) morphogenesis. 
D) gastrulation. 
E) neurulation.

Question 5

The egg from a ___ has been observed to form a gray crescent after fertilization.

Accepted Answer

A) fish 
B) frog 
C) reptile 
D) chicken 
E) human

Question 6

As aging occurs,changes are seen in the function of body systems.Among these changes are all but which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) A decline in the production of hormones leads to menopause and other changes. 
B) A decline in the function of the immune system leads to increases in certain diseases,like cancer. 
C) An increase in cross-links between proteins leads to decreased flexibility. 
D) An increase in the production of hormones leads to menopause and other changes. 
E) An increase in the size of the heart muscle occurs.

Question 7

Which one of the following is NOT derived from endoderm?

Accepted Answer

A) gut lining 
B) hormonal glands 
C) lungs 
D) bones 
E) bladder lining

Question 8

List the three embryonic germ layers and indicate a structure that forms from each.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List the three embryonic germ layers and...

Question 9

Which association is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A) chorion-gas exchange 
B) amnion-blood vessels 
C) allantois-waste storage 
D) yolk sac-food storage 
E) yolk-nourishment

Question 10

The sex of the fetus can be first determined in the ______ month of development.

Accepted Answer

A) first 
B) second 
C) third or fourth 
D) six or seventh 
E) eighth or ninth

Question 11

Which of the following serves as an insulator for the embryo?

Accepted Answer

A) amniotic fluid 
B) allantois 
C) chorion 
D) primitive streak 
E) yolk sac

Question 12

The last tissue layer to be formed during gastrulation is the

Accepted Answer

A) endoderm. 
B) ectoderm. 
C) mesoderm. 
D) gastroderm. 
E) epiderm.

Question 13

The sac that surrounds the fetus and usually ruptures just before childbirth is the

Accepted Answer

A) gastrula. 
B) allantois. 
C) yolk sac. 
D) amnion. 
E) archenteron.

Question 14

Which of the following describes the process in which cells become specialized in structure and function?

Accepted Answer

A) development 
B) pattern formation 
C) cellular differentiation 
D) morphogenesis 
E) embryology

Question 15

What of the following would NOT be a method that would prevent one species' sperm from fertilizing another species' egg?

Accepted Answer

A) The chemical and other behavioral cues for mating are unlikely to lead to insemination by a male of another species. 
B) The reactions between the sperm acrosome and the surface of the egg are generally species-specific. 
C) Any successful fertilization would require a successful match of chromosomes and genes to produce a viable zygote. 
D) The chemical elements of the layers of the egg match the chemical elements of the sperm acrosome. 
E) The joining of two differing sets of chromosomes does not provide the proper genetic information for the development of an embryo.

Question 16

The statement "a child is more closely related to its mother than to its father" is

Accepted Answer

A) not true because there is an equal contribution from both parents. 
B) true because the egg contains more than just DNA and the sperm only contributes DNA. 
C) not true because the egg only contributes DNA,while the sperm contributes enzymes from the acrosome and mitochondria. 
D) true because the mother's blood flows into the umbilical cord and,therefore,the baby shares the mother's blood. 
E) true because it is possible for a woman to become pregnant without the sperm.

Question 17

Which of the following ducts connect the pulmonary trunk to the aorta in the fetus?

Accepted Answer

A) oval opening 
B) venous duct 
C) arterial duct 
D) umbilical artery 
E) umbilical vein

Question 18

A failure of the cells in the ectoderm to differentiate correctly would most affect which of the following body systems?

Accepted Answer

A) nervous system 
B) cardiovascular system 
C) urinary system 
D) digestive system

Question 19

What is the difference between a skin cell and a stem cell?

Accepted Answer

A) A skin cell gives rise only to other skin cells and a stem cell gives rise only to stems. 
B) A skin cell has a full complement of DNA,but a skin cell does not. 
C) Specific genes are turned on in skin cells,while stem cells still have all of their genes turned on. 
D) Stem cells are not found in humans,while skin cells are. 
E) Stem cells arise from skin cells when select genes are turned on.

Question 20

From months 5 to 7,a fetus is covered in a fine down called

Accepted Answer

A) chorion. 
B) pubescence. 
C) lanugo. 
D) vernosa. 
E) afterbirth.

Exam 22: Development and Aging