Daphnie Has Recently Been Denied a Promotion

Multiple Choice

Daphnie has recently been denied a promotion. This is the third time she was turned down for promotion despite excellent performance reviews. Her manager assures her that she was qualified for the promotion but "that's just the way things go." After this last disappointment, Daphnie took a good hard look at her company. She found that only two women candidates have been promoted to upper management positions, in the company's entire history. Which of the following factors is most likely obstructing Daphnie's career growth?

A) A diversity-oriented employer
B) A lack of communication skills
C) Glass ceiling effect
D) Whistleblowing activities
E) Implementation of affirmative actions