Mary Telephones Her Employee, Joe, to Let Him Know That

Multiple Choice

Mary telephones her employee, Joe, to let him know that today's meeting has been moved to one o'clock.
-Joe misses the one o'clock meeting because he misunderstood which meeting Mary was referring to. Joe forgot to ask Mary to clarify which meeting she meant. Joe's misunderstanding therefore occurred due to a lack of ________.

A) encoding
B) decoding
C) noise
D) feedback
E) channel