Question 1

According to ethological theory, behaviors are inhibited by:

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed action patterns 
B)  appetitive action patterns 
C)  innate releasing mechanisms 
D)  learned releasing mechanisms 
A)  fixed action patterns 
B)  appetitive action patterns 
C)  innate releasing mechanisms 
D)  learned releasing mechanisms C

Question 2

The response that a key stimulus releases is called the:

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed action pattern 
B)  stimulation response 
C)  innate action pattern 
D)  superoptimal response 
A)  fixed action pattern 
B)  stimulation response 
C)  innate action pattern 
D)  superoptimal response A

Question 3

"Hair flipping" behavior in human females, ritualized flight, and smiling then looking away can all be construed as what type of behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  dominant 
B)  submissive 
C)  flirting 
D)  aggressive 
A)  dominant 
B)  submissive 
C)  flirting 
D)  aggressive C

Question 4

Researchers who investigate how animals interpret information, or who study whether or not animals have conscious awareness, most likely would be in the field of:

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive neuroscience 
B)  animal development 
C)  cognitive ethology 
D)  experimental psychology 
A)  cognitive neuroscience 
B)  animal development 
C)  cognitive ethology 
D)  experimental psychology

Question 5

A relatively new field of research, defined as "the analysis of the human mind as a collection of evolved mechanisms, the contexts that activate those mechanisms and the behavior generated by those mechanisms" is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive neuroscience 
B)  evolutionary psychology 
C)  biological psychology 
D)  positive psychology 
A)  cognitive neuroscience 
B)  evolutionary psychology 
C)  biological psychology 
D)  positive psychology

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a property of a fixed action pattern? The fixed action pattern is:

Accepted Answer

A)  stereotyped 
B)  independent of immediate external control 
C)  entirely learned 
D)  spontaneous 
A)  stereotyped 
B)  independent of immediate external control 
C)  entirely learned 
D)  spontaneous

Question 7

Organisms with short life spans would be more likely to have _____ programs, while longer-lived organisms would be more likely to benefit from _____ programs.

Accepted Answer

A)  closed; open 
B)  open; closed 
C)  short; long 
D)  fixed; flexible 
A)  closed; open 
B)  open; closed 
C)  short; long 
D)  fixed; flexible

Question 8

According to the text, the main difference between taxes and fixed action patterns (FAPs) is:

Accepted Answer

A)  taxes are innate and FAPs are learned 
B)  FAPs are innate and taxes are learned 
C)  taxes are responsive to change, but FAPs are not 
D)  taxes are unresponsive to change, while FAPs are modifiable 
A)  taxes are innate and FAPs are learned 
B)  FAPs are innate and taxes are learned 
C)  taxes are responsive to change, but FAPs are not 
D)  taxes are unresponsive to change, while FAPs are modifiable

Question 9

According to Eibl-Eibesfeldt (1972), the "eyebrow flick," or brief lifting of the eyebrows in humans, signals:

Accepted Answer

A)  recognition of someone who is familiar 
B)  recognition of someone who is a possible threat 
C)  the first move in an aggressive encounter 
D)  an intention of courtship 
A)  recognition of someone who is familiar 
B)  recognition of someone who is a possible threat 
C)  the first move in an aggressive encounter 
D)  an intention of courtship

Question 10

The arched back of a cat may be an expression of two motives (for example, to attack and to flee), which would be an example of which type of behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  displacement 
B)  redirected behavior 
C)  simultaneous ambivalent behavior 
D)  successive ambivalent behavior 
A)  displacement 
B)  redirected behavior 
C)  simultaneous ambivalent behavior 
D)  successive ambivalent behavior

Question 11

If a person's boss yells at her at work, and she comes home and yells at her kids, it could be an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  ethological displacement 
B)  simultaneous ambivalent behavior 
C)  redirected behavior 
D)  ethological enhancement activity 
A)  ethological displacement 
B)  simultaneous ambivalent behavior 
C)  redirected behavior 
D)  ethological enhancement activity

Question 12

A genetically programmed bit of behavior that occurs when circumstances are appropriate and that require no learning is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  habit 
B)  instinct 
C)  imprinting 
D)  inhabitation 
A)  habit 
B)  instinct 
C)  imprinting 
D)  inhabitation

Question 13

The anthropomorphic method of analysis used by McDougall:

Accepted Answer

A)  stresses the continuity between humans and animals 
B)  clearly distinguished between instinct and learning 
C)  is recognized today as being too objective 
D)  could only be applied to animals 
A)  stresses the continuity between humans and animals 
B)  clearly distinguished between instinct and learning 
C)  is recognized today as being too objective 
D)  could only be applied to animals

Question 14

Trying to teach a dog to yawn for food is apparently impossible. Seligman would classify this behavior as:

Accepted Answer

A)  unprepared. 
B)  contraprepared 
C)  prepared 
D)  unprepared 
A)  unprepared. 
B)  contraprepared 
C)  prepared 
D)  unprepared

Question 15

Among the problems with the early instinct theories was the idea of the nominal fallacy, which means that:

Accepted Answer

A)  labeling or naming something does not explain it 
B)  the idea of instincts was a fallacy; there are no such things as instincts 
C)  instincts are either inhibited or become habits 
D)  instincts are the same as learned behaviors 
A)  labeling or naming something does not explain it 
B)  the idea of instincts was a fallacy; there are no such things as instincts 
C)  instincts are either inhibited or become habits 
D)  instincts are the same as learned behaviors

Question 16

According to the text, the _____ program is genetically established and is modifiable, while the _____ program is genetically established, but is not modifiable.

Accepted Answer

A)  open; closed 
B)  closed; open 
C)  variable; fixed 
D)  open; fixed 
A)  open; closed 
B)  closed; open 
C)  variable; fixed 
D)  open; fixed

Question 17

An important aspect of the shyness studies of Kagan and colleagues (1988) is that it shows:

Accepted Answer

A)  that certain traits like shyness are entirely genetic, regardless of environment 
B)  that certain traits like shyness are entirely learned, regardless of genetics 
C)  shyness is due entirely to cultural norms 
D)  how nature and nurture interact to produce some behaviors 
A)  that certain traits like shyness are entirely genetic, regardless of environment 
B)  that certain traits like shyness are entirely learned, regardless of genetics 
C)  shyness is due entirely to cultural norms 
D)  how nature and nurture interact to produce some behaviors

Question 18

According to Eibl-Eibesfeldt (1972) and other researchers, many facial expressions in humans:

Accepted Answer

A)  are learned at an early age 
B)  are extremely variable from culture to culture 
C)  cannot be properly interpreted by scientists 
D)  may signal recognition or other social communication 
A)  are learned at an early age 
B)  are extremely variable from culture to culture 
C)  cannot be properly interpreted by scientists 
D)  may signal recognition or other social communication

Question 19

An example of a _____ stimulus is when a bird prefers an egg that is larger than its normal- size egg.

Accepted Answer

A)  social 
B)  supernormal 
C)  subliminal 
D)  extraordinary 
A)  social 
B)  supernormal 
C)  subliminal 
D)  extraordinary

Question 20

Environmental stimuli which act as keys to allow behavior to occur are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  innate releasing mechanisms 
B)  sign stimuli 
C)  fixed action patterns 
D)  action specific energy 
A)  innate releasing mechanisms 
B)  sign stimuli 
C)  fixed action patterns 
D)  action specific energy

According to ethological theory, behaviors are inhibited by:

The response that a key stimulus releases is called the:

"Hair flipping" behavior in human females, ritualized flight, and smiling then looking away can all be construed as what type of behavior?

Researchers who investigate how animals interpret information, or who study whether or not animals have conscious awareness, most likely would be in the field of:

A relatively new field of research, defined as "the analysis of the human mind as a collection of evolved mechanisms, the contexts that activate those mechanisms and the behavior generated by those mechanisms" is known as:

Which of the following is NOT a property of a fixed action pattern? The fixed action pattern is:

Organisms with short life spans would be more likely to have _ programs, while longer-lived organisms would be more likely to benefit from _ programs.

According to the text, the main difference between taxes and fixed action patterns (FAPs) is:

According to Eibl-Eibesfeldt (1972), the "eyebrow flick," or brief lifting of the eyebrows in humans, signals:

The arched back of a cat may be an expression of two motives (for example, to attack and to flee), which would be an example of which type of behavior?

If a person's boss yells at her at work, and she comes home and yells at her kids, it could be an example of:

A genetically programmed bit of behavior that occurs when circumstances are appropriate and that require no learning is called:

The anthropomorphic method of analysis used by McDougall:

Trying to teach a dog to yawn for food is apparently impossible. Seligman would classify this behavior as:

Among the problems with the early instinct theories was the idea of the nominal fallacy, which means that:

According to the text, the _ program is genetically established and is modifiable, while the _ program is genetically established, but is not modifiable.

An important aspect of the shyness studies of Kagan and colleagues (1988) is that it shows:

According to Eibl-Eibesfeldt (1972) and other researchers, many facial expressions in humans:

An example of a _____ stimulus is when a bird prefers an egg that is larger than its normal- size egg.

Environmental stimuli which act as keys to allow behavior to occur are called:

Conceptualizing and Measuring Motivation

Physiological Mechanisms of Arousal

Physiological Mechanisms of Regulation

Learned Motives: Classical, Instrumental, and Observational Learning

Incentive Motivation

Hedonism and Sensory Stimulation

Cognitive Motivation: Expectancy-Value Approaches

Cognitive Motivation: Social Motivation and Consistency

Cognitive Motivation: Attribution Approaches

Cognitive Motivation: Competence and Control

The Emotions As Motivators

Conclusions

Filters

Exam 2: Genetic Contributions to Motivated Behavior

According to ethological theory, behaviors are inhibited by:

The response that a key stimulus releases is called the:

"Hair flipping" behavior in human females, ritualized flight, and smiling then looking away can all be construed as what type of behavior?

Researchers who investigate how animals interpret information, or who study whether or not animals have conscious awareness, most likely would be in the field of:

A relatively new field of research, defined as "the analysis of the human mind as a collection of evolved mechanisms, the contexts that activate those mechanisms and the behavior generated by those mechanisms" is known as:

Which of the following is NOT a property of a fixed action pattern? The fixed action pattern is:

Organisms with short life spans would be more likely to have _____ programs, while longer-lived organisms would be more likely to benefit from _____ programs.

According to the text, the main difference between taxes and fixed action patterns (FAPs) is:

According to Eibl-Eibesfeldt (1972), the "eyebrow flick," or brief lifting of the eyebrows in humans, signals:

The arched back of a cat may be an expression of two motives (for example, to attack and to flee), which would be an example of which type of behavior?

If a person's boss yells at her at work, and she comes home and yells at her kids, it could be an example of:

A genetically programmed bit of behavior that occurs when circumstances are appropriate and that require no learning is called:

The anthropomorphic method of analysis used by McDougall:

Trying to teach a dog to yawn for food is apparently impossible. Seligman would classify this behavior as:

Among the problems with the early instinct theories was the idea of the nominal fallacy, which means that:

According to the text, the _____ program is genetically established and is modifiable, while the _____ program is genetically established, but is not modifiable.

An important aspect of the shyness studies of Kagan and colleagues (1988) is that it shows:

According to Eibl-Eibesfeldt (1972) and other researchers, many facial expressions in humans:

An example of a _____ stimulus is when a bird prefers an egg that is larger than its normal- size egg.

Environmental stimuli which act as keys to allow behavior to occur are called:

Conceptualizing and Measuring Motivation

Physiological Mechanisms of Arousal

Physiological Mechanisms of Regulation

Learned Motives: Classical, Instrumental, and Observational Learning

Incentive Motivation

Hedonism and Sensory Stimulation

Cognitive Motivation: Expectancy-Value Approaches

Cognitive Motivation: Social Motivation and Consistency

Cognitive Motivation: Attribution Approaches

Cognitive Motivation: Competence and Control

The Emotions As Motivators

Conclusions

Filters

Organisms with short life spans would be more likely to have _ programs, while longer-lived organisms would be more likely to benefit from _ programs.

According to the text, the _ program is genetically established and is modifiable, while the _ program is genetically established, but is not modifiable.