Exam 8: Cognitive Motivation: Expectancy-Value Approaches

According to Rotter, in situations where more than one behavior is possible, we should choose the behavior with the largest combination of:

Latané and colleagues (1979) found that groups of participants decreased their effort as the size of the group increased. This finding is called:

Motivated behavior results from the combination of individual needs and the value of the goals available in the environment, according to the basic idea underlying:

In general, individuals taking Rotter's test who score high in the ___ direction do not do as well as individuals who score high in the _____ direction.

In Rotter's theory, _____ individuals perceive rewards and punishments as resulting from their own actions, and _____ individuals perceive rewards and punishments as resulting from sources beyond their control.

The observation that individual performance within a group decreases as the number of people in a group increases is known as:

Tommy tends to choose tasks that are either very easy or very difficult. According to achievement theory, he probably has a high:

Lewin argued that human behavior is a function of two major components, the _____ and the _____.

Which of the following is NOT a criticism that has been made against need achievement theory?

The _____ theory attempts to explain the internal and external (social) factors that influence the acquisition and regulation of behavior.

According to Tolman, a _____ suggests that behavior will be rewarded and that the reward can be found in specific locations.

When working in a group, individuals have the opportunity to slack off based on the expectancy the rest of the group will work hard enough to accomplish the goal. This is called:

One of Tolman's major contributions to psychology was that:

Lewin's force field theory emphasizes which of the following ideas?

A person who scores high on achievement-oriented tasks would probably:

In Lewin's model, tension can be alleviated through a process in which some particular region of the psychological environment dissipates the tension. This is termed:

According to Murray (1938), the need for achievement involves:

According to Lewin, _____ determines which psychological facts are most attractive as a way of satisfying a need.

Murray defined _____ as a recurrent concern for a goal state.

Research on locus of control has found that _____ individuals tend to get lower grades in school, have problems staying on a diet, and fail to comply with medical advice.