Question 1

Pyruvic acid is a product of

Accepted Answer

A)  the Krebs cycle. 
B)  fermentation. 
C)  glycolysis. 
D)  the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. 
E)  both glycolysis and the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. 
A)  the Krebs cycle. 
B)  fermentation. 
C)  glycolysis. 
D)  the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. 
E)  both glycolysis and the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. E

Question 2

During glycolysis, glucose is converted to __________ acid, a molecule that can be used in either fermentation or respiration pathways.

Accepted Answer

pyruvic

Question 3

Which of the following is (are) common to chemiosmosis and the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  reduction of NADP+ 
B)  electron transport 
C)  a proton gradient 
D)  both electron transport and a proton gradient 
E)  electron transport, a proton gradient, and reduction of NADP+ 
A)  reduction of NADP+ 
B)  electron transport 
C)  a proton gradient 
D)  both electron transport and a proton gradient 
E)  electron transport, a proton gradient, and reduction of NADP+ D

Question 4

The intermediate known as DHAP is formed during the __________ stage(s) of glycolysis.

Accepted Answer

A)  energy-investment 
B)  lysis 
C)  energy-conservation 
D)  both energy-investment and energy-conservation 
E)  both lysis and energy-conservation 
A)  energy-investment 
B)  lysis 
C)  energy-conservation 
D)  both energy-investment and energy-conservation 
E)  both lysis and energy-conservation

Question 5

The conversion of amino acids to carbohydrates is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  amination. 
B)  gluconeogenesis. 
C)  substrate-level phosphorylation. 
D)  beta-oxidation. 
E)  electron transport. 
A)  amination. 
B)  gluconeogenesis. 
C)  substrate-level phosphorylation. 
D)  beta-oxidation. 
E)  electron transport.

Question 6

All of the following are aspects of a cell's ability to regulate its metabolism EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  use of the most energy-efficient energy source available. 
B)  synthesis or degradation of membrane transport proteins. 
C)  isolation of various enzymes within membranous organelles. 
D)  synthesis of a catabolic enzyme only when its substrate is available. 
E)  use of the same coenzymes for anabolic and catabolic reactions that share substrate molecules. 
A)  use of the most energy-efficient energy source available. 
B)  synthesis or degradation of membrane transport proteins. 
C)  isolation of various enzymes within membranous organelles. 
D)  synthesis of a catabolic enzyme only when its substrate is available. 
E)  use of the same coenzymes for anabolic and catabolic reactions that share substrate molecules.

Question 7

The __________ generate amino acids from carbohydrate precursors and glutamic acid.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The __________ generate amino acids from carbohydrate...

Question 8

If a cell reverses the process of beta-oxidation, which of the following molecules will it make?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycerol 
B)  amino acids 
C)  fatty acids 
D)  nucleotides 
E)  starch 
A)  glycerol 
B)  amino acids 
C)  fatty acids 
D)  nucleotides 
E)  starch

Question 9

Waste products such as sulfur are produced by __________ photosynthetic bacteria as they obtain electrons for noncyclic photophosphorylation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Waste products such as sulfur are produced...

Question 10

The metabolic processes called fermentation

Accepted Answer

A)  produce substrates for the Krebs cycle. 
B)  are alternatives for the pentose phosphate pathway. 
C)  use an organic molecule as a final electron acceptor. 
D)  occur only when oxygen is readily available. 
E)  produce substrates for glycolysis. 
A)  produce substrates for the Krebs cycle. 
B)  are alternatives for the pentose phosphate pathway. 
C)  use an organic molecule as a final electron acceptor. 
D)  occur only when oxygen is readily available. 
E)  produce substrates for glycolysis.

Question 11

The production of NADH takes place during the __________ stage(s) of glycolysis.

Accepted Answer

A)  energy-conservation 
B)  energy-investment 
C)  lysis 
D)  both lysis and energy-investment 
E)  both energy-investment and energy-conservation 
A)  energy-conservation 
B)  energy-investment 
C)  lysis 
D)  both lysis and energy-investment 
E)  both energy-investment and energy-conservation

Question 12

Glucose enters glycolysis at the __________ stage(s).

Accepted Answer

A)  energy-conservation 
B)  lysis 
C)  energy-investment 
D)  both lysis and energy-conservation 
E)  both energy-investment and conservation 
A)  energy-conservation 
B)  lysis 
C)  energy-investment 
D)  both lysis and energy-conservation 
E)  both energy-investment and conservation

Question 13

Ribozymes are enzymes that cleave the subunits of the ribosome.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Reactions catalyzed by transferases are

Accepted Answer

A)  catabolic. 
B)  anabolic. 
C)  neither anabolic nor catabolic. 
D)  both anabolic and catabolic. 
E)  reactions that do not require cofactors. 
A)  catabolic. 
B)  anabolic. 
C)  neither anabolic nor catabolic. 
D)  both anabolic and catabolic. 
E)  reactions that do not require cofactors.

Question 15

Discuss the interrelationships between anabolic and catabolic pathways. Provide specific examples in your answer.

Accepted Answer

Catabolic pathways generate the energy r

Question 16

During chemiosmosis, electrons are pumped across a membrane to produce ATP.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

When a cell forms an amino acid by adding an amine group derived from ammonia to a precursor metabolite, this process is called

Accepted Answer

A)  amination. 
B)  transamination. 
C)  reduction. 
D)  polymerization. 
E)  deamination. 
A)  amination. 
B)  transamination. 
C)  reduction. 
D)  polymerization. 
E)  deamination.

Question 18

Anaerobic respiration involves the use of molecules other than oxygen as the final electron __________ in an electron transport chain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Anaerobic respiration involves the use of molecules...

Question 19

Which of the following types of carrier molecules is NOT found in electron transport chains?

Accepted Answer

A)  flavoproteins 
B)  metal-containing proteins 
C)  hemoglobin 
D)  cytochromes 
E)  ubiquinones 
A)  flavoproteins 
B)  metal-containing proteins 
C)  hemoglobin 
D)  cytochromes 
E)  ubiquinones

Question 20

Which of the following statements concerning enzymes is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are usually, but not always, proteins. 
B)  They function best at 37°C. 
C)  They can be denatured if the pH of their environment is too high or too low. 
D)  They form a temporary intermediate compound with a substrate. 
E)  They can be used to catalyze a chemical reaction over and over again. 
A)  They are usually, but not always, proteins. 
B)  They function best at 37°C. 
C)  They can be denatured if the pH of their environment is too high or too low. 
D)  They form a temporary intermediate compound with a substrate. 
E)  They can be used to catalyze a chemical reaction over and over again.

Exam 5: Microbial Metabolism

Pyruvic acid is a product of

During glycolysis, glucose is converted to __________ acid, a molecule that can be used in either fermentation or respiration pathways.

Which of the following is (are) common to chemiosmosis and the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

The intermediate known as DHAP is formed during the __________ stage(s) of glycolysis.

The conversion of amino acids to carbohydrates is an example of

All of the following are aspects of a cell's ability to regulate its metabolism EXCEPT

The __________ generate amino acids from carbohydrate precursors and glutamic acid.

If a cell reverses the process of beta-oxidation, which of the following molecules will it make?

Waste products such as sulfur are produced by __________ photosynthetic bacteria as they obtain electrons for noncyclic photophosphorylation.

The metabolic processes called fermentation

The production of NADH takes place during the __________ stage(s) of glycolysis.

Glucose enters glycolysis at the __________ stage(s).

Ribozymes are enzymes that cleave the subunits of the ribosome.

Reactions catalyzed by transferases are

Discuss the interrelationships between anabolic and catabolic pathways. Provide specific examples in your answer.

During chemiosmosis, electrons are pumped across a membrane to produce ATP.

When a cell forms an amino acid by adding an amine group derived from ammonia to a precursor metabolite, this process is called

Anaerobic respiration involves the use of molecules other than oxygen as the final electron __________ in an electron transport chain.

Which of the following types of carrier molecules is NOT found in electron transport chains?

Which of the following statements concerning enzymes is FALSE?

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant Dna Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immunization and Immune Testing

Aids and Other Immune Disorders

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Wounds

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System and Eyes

Microbial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

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