Question 1

Explain why fermentation is a necessary alternative to respiration in many cells.

Accepted Answer

Respiration is possible only when electr

Question 2

Which of the following is associated with the Calvin-Benson cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetyl-CoA 
B)  TMAO 
C)  RuBP 
D)  FADH2 
E)  PABA 
A)  acetyl-CoA 
B)  TMAO 
C)  RuBP 
D)  FADH2 
E)  PABA

Question 3

Enzymes increase the rate of reaction by lowering the __________ energy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Enzymes increase the rate of reaction by...

Question 4

The molecule that an enzyme acts upon is known as its

Accepted Answer

A)  substrate. 
B)  coenzyme. 
C)  apoenzyme. 
D)  holoenzyme. 
E)  catalyst. 
A)  substrate. 
B)  coenzyme. 
C)  apoenzyme. 
D)  holoenzyme. 
E)  catalyst.

Question 5

Which of the following is a TRUE statement concerning the structure and function of enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A)  All enzymes bind to cofactors necessary for their function. 
B)  An apoenzyme is a combination of a cofactor bound to a holoenzyme. 
C)  The higher the temperature, the faster an enzyme will work. 
D)  Competitive inhibition of an enzyme occurs when an inhibitor binds to an allosteric site on the enzyme. 
E)  After an enzyme has catalyzed a reaction, it resumes its original shape and can interact with a new substrate molecule. 
A)  All enzymes bind to cofactors necessary for their function. 
B)  An apoenzyme is a combination of a cofactor bound to a holoenzyme. 
C)  The higher the temperature, the faster an enzyme will work. 
D)  Competitive inhibition of an enzyme occurs when an inhibitor binds to an allosteric site on the enzyme. 
E)  After an enzyme has catalyzed a reaction, it resumes its original shape and can interact with a new substrate molecule.

Question 6

Reactions involving ligases are typically __________ reactions.

Accepted Answer

A)  anabolic 
B)  catabolic 
C)  both anabolic and catabolic 
D)  neither anabolic nor catabolic 
E)  exergonic 
A)  anabolic 
B)  catabolic 
C)  both anabolic and catabolic 
D)  neither anabolic nor catabolic 
E)  exergonic

Question 7

Another term for an organic catalyst is a(n) __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Another term for an organic catalyst is...

Question 8

Which of the following can be the final electron receptor in anaerobic respiration in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrate 
B)  pyruvic acid 
C)  sulfate 
D)  both nitrate and sulfate 
E)  both pyruvic acid and sulfate 
A)  nitrate 
B)  pyruvic acid 
C)  sulfate 
D)  both nitrate and sulfate 
E)  both pyruvic acid and sulfate

Question 9

A(n) __________ is a collection of pigments such as chlorophyll that are used to absorb light in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n) __________ is a collection of pigments...

Question 10

A __________ reaction is one in which a molecule accepts an electron.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A __________ reaction is one in which...

Question 11

NAD+ and NADP+ are important examples of both coenzymes and electron carriers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs during the __________ stage(s) of glycolysis.

Accepted Answer

A)  energy-investment 
B)  lysis 
C)  energy-conservation 
D)  both energy-investment and energy-conservation 
E)  energy-investment, lysis, and energy-conservation 
A)  energy-investment 
B)  lysis 
C)  energy-conservation 
D)  both energy-investment and energy-conservation 
E)  energy-investment, lysis, and energy-conservation

Question 13

Where is the most ATP generated for most eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  in the cytoplasmic membrane 
B)  in the cytosol 
C)  in the outer membrane of the mitochondria 
D)  in the mitochondrial matrix 
E)  on ribosomes 
A)  in the cytoplasmic membrane 
B)  in the cytosol 
C)  in the outer membrane of the mitochondria 
D)  in the mitochondrial matrix 
E)  on ribosomes

Question 14

Chemical reactions that can proceed toward either anabolism or catabolism are called

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolytic. 
B)  light-independent. 
C)  synthetic. 
D)  cyclic. 
E)  amphibolic. 
A)  glycolytic. 
B)  light-independent. 
C)  synthetic. 
D)  cyclic. 
E)  amphibolic.

Question 15

Essential amino acids are amino acids that cannot be synthesized by an organism and so must be provided as nutrients.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Describe the mechanism of feedback inhibition and the role this process plays in controlling enzyme activity.

Accepted Answer

Feedback inhibition is also known as neg

Question 17

Oxidoreductases participate in __________ reactions.

Accepted Answer

A)  catabolic 
B)  anabolic 
C)  both anabolic and catabolic 
D)  neither anabolic nor catabolic 
E)  energy neutral 
A)  catabolic 
B)  anabolic 
C)  both anabolic and catabolic 
D)  neither anabolic nor catabolic 
E)  energy neutral

Question 18

Enzymes known as lyases participate in __________ reactions.

Accepted Answer

A)  anabolic 
B)  catabolic 
C)  both anabolic and catabolic 
D)  neither anabolic nor catabolic 
E)  oxidation-reduction 
A)  anabolic 
B)  catabolic 
C)  both anabolic and catabolic 
D)  neither anabolic nor catabolic 
E)  oxidation-reduction

Question 19

Although glycolysis requires an input of ATP, this pathway results in a net gain of two ATP; therefore it is a(n) __________ pathway.

Accepted Answer

A)  exergonic 
B)  endergonic 
C)  oxidative 
D)  reductive 
E)  neither exergonic nor endergonic 
A)  exergonic 
B)  endergonic 
C)  oxidative 
D)  reductive 
E)  neither exergonic nor endergonic

Question 20

Reactions involving isomerases are

Accepted Answer

A)  anabolic. 
B)  catabolic. 
C)  both anabolic and catabolic. 
D)  neither anabolic nor catabolic. 
E)  exergonic. 
A)  anabolic. 
B)  catabolic. 
C)  both anabolic and catabolic. 
D)  neither anabolic nor catabolic. 
E)  exergonic.

Exam 5: Microbial Metabolism

Explain why fermentation is a necessary alternative to respiration in many cells.

Which of the following is associated with the Calvin-Benson cycle?

Enzymes increase the rate of reaction by lowering the __________ energy.

The molecule that an enzyme acts upon is known as its

Which of the following is a TRUE statement concerning the structure and function of enzymes?

Reactions involving ligases are typically __________ reactions.

Another term for an organic catalyst is a(n) __________.

Which of the following can be the final electron receptor in anaerobic respiration in bacteria?

A(n) __________ is a collection of pigments such as chlorophyll that are used to absorb light in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

A __________ reaction is one in which a molecule accepts an electron.

NAD+ and NADP+ are important examples of both coenzymes and electron carriers.

Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs during the __________ stage(s) of glycolysis.

Where is the most ATP generated for most eukaryotic cells?

Chemical reactions that can proceed toward either anabolism or catabolism are called

Essential amino acids are amino acids that cannot be synthesized by an organism and so must be provided as nutrients.

Describe the mechanism of feedback inhibition and the role this process plays in controlling enzyme activity.

Oxidoreductases participate in __________ reactions.

Enzymes known as lyases participate in __________ reactions.

Although glycolysis requires an input of ATP, this pathway results in a net gain of two ATP; therefore it is a(n) __________ pathway.

Reactions involving isomerases are

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant Dna Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immunization and Immune Testing

Aids and Other Immune Disorders

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Wounds

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System and Eyes

Microbial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

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NAD⁺ and NADP⁺ are important examples of both coenzymes and electron carriers.