Question 1

The process in which viral capsids are removed within the infected cell is called __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The process in which viral capsids are...

Question 2

Cytoplasm is a characteristic of

Accepted Answer

A)  cells only. 
B)  viruses only. 
C)  both cells and viruses. 
D)  viroids only. 
E)  both viroids and viruses. 
A)  cells only. 
B)  viruses only. 
C)  both cells and viruses. 
D)  viroids only. 
E)  both viroids and viruses.

Question 3

Which of the following events occurs in the lytic cycle of bacteriophage T4 infection but not in the lysogenic cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  attachment 
B)  entry 
C)  digestion of host DNA 
D)  viral protein synthesis 
E)  both digestion of host DNA and viral proteins synthesis 
A)  attachment 
B)  entry 
C)  digestion of host DNA 
D)  viral protein synthesis 
E)  both digestion of host DNA and viral proteins synthesis

Question 4

Why is the synthesis of mRNA a central issue for all viruses? How do different types of viruses achieve this goal?

Accepted Answer

One way in which a virus gains control o

Question 5

Describe the mechanism by which PrP is infectious.

Accepted Answer

The clue to why PrP acts as an infectiou

Question 6

During the intracellular state, a virus exists as

Accepted Answer

A)  a lipid. 
B)  a protein. 
C)  a nucleic acid. 
D)  both a protein and a nucleic acid. 
E)  both a lipid and a nucleic acid. 
A)  a lipid. 
B)  a protein. 
C)  a nucleic acid. 
D)  both a protein and a nucleic acid. 
E)  both a lipid and a nucleic acid.

Question 7

Proteins are present in

Accepted Answer

A)  cells only. 
B)  viruses only. 
C)  viroids only. 
D)  both cells and viruses. 
E)  cells, viruses, and viroids. 
A)  cells only. 
B)  viruses only. 
C)  viroids only. 
D)  both cells and viruses. 
E)  cells, viruses, and viroids.

Question 8

One mechanism by which viruses may cause cancer is to interrupt the genetic regulatory sequences of repressor proteins. Which of the following types of viruses is most likely to be involved in causing cancer by this mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  +ssRNA viruses 
B)  dsRNA viruses 
C)  -ssRNA viruses 
D)  retroviruses 
E)  +ssRNA and -ssRNA viruses 
A)  +ssRNA viruses 
B)  dsRNA viruses 
C)  -ssRNA viruses 
D)  retroviruses 
E)  +ssRNA and -ssRNA viruses

Question 9

Why is lysogeny advantageous to a bacteriophage?

Accepted Answer

A)  it speeds up the viral infection cycle. 
B)  the genetic material of the bacteriophage can be passed on to future generations of cells. 
C)  it allows the bacteriophage to infect cells it would not normally infect. 
D)  it allows the bacteriophage to destroy the host cell's DNA. 
E)  it enables the bacteriophage to take over the cell. 
A)  it speeds up the viral infection cycle. 
B)  the genetic material of the bacteriophage can be passed on to future generations of cells. 
C)  it allows the bacteriophage to infect cells it would not normally infect. 
D)  it allows the bacteriophage to destroy the host cell's DNA. 
E)  it enables the bacteriophage to take over the cell.

Question 10

Bacteriophages are cheaper and easier to culture than animal viruses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following is associated with the attachment of a bacteriophage to a bacterial cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  random collisions 
B)  chemical attractions 
C)  receptor specificity 
D)  chemical attractions and receptor specificity 
E)  random collisions, chemical attractions, and receptor specificity 
A)  random collisions 
B)  chemical attractions 
C)  receptor specificity 
D)  chemical attractions and receptor specificity 
E)  random collisions, chemical attractions, and receptor specificity

Question 12

Bacteriophages use the enzyme __________ to breach the bacterial cell wall.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bacteriophages use the enzyme __________ to breach...

Question 13

How is the HIV provirus different from a lambda phage prophage?

Accepted Answer

A)  the HIV provirus is integrated permanently into the host cell's DNA. 
B)  all subsequent generations of HIV-infected cells carry the provirus. 
C)  all the offspring of a cell infected with a prophage will contain the virus. 
D)  the HIV provirus is inactive inside the host cell. 
E)  lambda phage-infected cells produce virus slowly over time. 
A)  the HIV provirus is integrated permanently into the host cell's DNA. 
B)  all subsequent generations of HIV-infected cells carry the provirus. 
C)  all the offspring of a cell infected with a prophage will contain the virus. 
D)  the HIV provirus is inactive inside the host cell. 
E)  lambda phage-infected cells produce virus slowly over time.

Question 14

Zones of clearing in cell cultures that are the result of virus infection are called plaques. Sometimes "cloudy plaques" are seen on bacterial cultures infected with bacteriophage. What type of viral infection might cause this appearance?

Accepted Answer

A)  lytic 
B)  lysogenic 
C)  prion 
D)  viroid 
E)  transducing 
A)  lytic 
B)  lysogenic 
C)  prion 
D)  viroid 
E)  transducing

Question 15

Transcription of RNA from RNA does not occur in uninfected cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

In contrast to most dsDNA animal viruses, the poxviruses replicate solely in the cytoplasm of the host cell. This fact implies that the viral genome may encode

Accepted Answer

A)  reverse transcriptase. 
B)  a DNA polymerase. 
C)  RNA-dependent RNA transcriptase. 
D)  ribosome components. 
E)  reverse transcriptase and RNA-dependent RNA transcriptase. 
A)  reverse transcriptase. 
B)  a DNA polymerase. 
C)  RNA-dependent RNA transcriptase. 
D)  ribosome components. 
E)  reverse transcriptase and RNA-dependent RNA transcriptase.

Question 17

Which of the following types of animal virus requires RNA-dependent RNA transcriptase to be replicated?

Accepted Answer

A)  +ssRNA viruses 
B)  ssDNA viruses 
C)  -ssRNA viruses 
D)  retroviruses 
E)  dsDNA viruses 
A)  +ssRNA viruses 
B)  ssDNA viruses 
C)  -ssRNA viruses 
D)  retroviruses 
E)  dsDNA viruses

Question 18

Double-stranded DNA genomes are found

Accepted Answer

A)  only in viroids. 
B)  only in cells. 
C)  only in viruses. 
D)  in both cells and viruses. 
E)  in both viruses and viroids. 
A)  only in viroids. 
B)  only in cells. 
C)  only in viruses. 
D)  in both cells and viruses. 
E)  in both viruses and viroids.

Question 19

Which of the following would NOT be found as a component of a bacteriophage?

Accepted Answer

A)  envelope 
B)  icosahedral capsid 
C)  DNA 
D)  tail fibers 
E)  base plate 
A)  envelope 
B)  icosahedral capsid 
C)  DNA 
D)  tail fibers 
E)  base plate

Question 20

Viroids infect

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteria. 
B)  plants. 
C)  fungi. 
D)  plants and animals. 
E)  all organisms. 
A)  bacteria. 
B)  plants. 
C)  fungi. 
D)  plants and animals. 
E)  all organisms.

Exam 13: Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

The process in which viral capsids are removed within the infected cell is called __________.

Cytoplasm is a characteristic of

Which of the following events occurs in the lytic cycle of bacteriophage T4 infection but not in the lysogenic cycle?

Why is the synthesis of mRNA a central issue for all viruses? How do different types of viruses achieve this goal?

Describe the mechanism by which PrP is infectious.

During the intracellular state, a virus exists as

Proteins are present in

One mechanism by which viruses may cause cancer is to interrupt the genetic regulatory sequences of repressor proteins. Which of the following types of viruses is most likely to be involved in causing cancer by this mechanism?

Why is lysogeny advantageous to a bacteriophage?

Bacteriophages are cheaper and easier to culture than animal viruses.

Which of the following is associated with the attachment of a bacteriophage to a bacterial cell?

Bacteriophages use the enzyme __________ to breach the bacterial cell wall.

How is the HIV provirus different from a lambda phage prophage?

Zones of clearing in cell cultures that are the result of virus infection are called plaques. Sometimes "cloudy plaques" are seen on bacterial cultures infected with bacteriophage. What type of viral infection might cause this appearance?

Transcription of RNA from RNA does not occur in uninfected cells.

In contrast to most dsDNA animal viruses, the poxviruses replicate solely in the cytoplasm of the host cell. This fact implies that the viral genome may encode

Which of the following types of animal virus requires RNA-dependent RNA transcriptase to be replicated?

Double-stranded DNA genomes are found

Which of the following would NOT be found as a component of a bacteriophage?

Viroids infect

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant Dna Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immunization and Immune Testing

Aids and Other Immune Disorders

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Wounds

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System and Eyes

Microbial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

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