Question 1

Cor pulmonale refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  biventricular failure. 
B)  left ventricular hypertrophy secondary to lung disease. 
C)  right ventricular hypertrophy secondary to pulmonary hypertension. 
D)  right ventricular failure secondary to right ventricular infarction. 
A)  biventricular failure. 
B)  left ventricular hypertrophy secondary to lung disease. 
C)  right ventricular hypertrophy secondary to pulmonary hypertension. 
D)  right ventricular failure secondary to right ventricular infarction. C

Question 2

Second-degree heart block type I (Wenckebach) is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  absent P waves. 
B)  variable PR interval and dropped QRS complexes. 
C)  constant PR interval and dropped QRS complexes. 
D)  no correlation between P waves and QRS complexes. 
A)  absent P waves. 
B)  variable PR interval and dropped QRS complexes. 
C)  constant PR interval and dropped QRS complexes. 
D)  no correlation between P waves and QRS complexes. B

Question 3

An abnormally wide (more than 1.0 msec) QRS complex is characteristic of

Accepted Answer

A)  paroxysmal atrial tachycardia. 
B)  supraventricular tachycardia. 
C)  junctional escape rhythm. 
D)  premature ventricular complexes. 
A)  paroxysmal atrial tachycardia. 
B)  supraventricular tachycardia. 
C)  junctional escape rhythm. 
D)  premature ventricular complexes. D

Question 4

All of the following dysrhythmias are thought to be associated with reentrant mechanisms except

Accepted Answer

A)  second-degree AV block. 
B)  atrial fibrillation. 
C)  premature ventricular complexes. 
D)  preexcitation syndrome tachycardia (Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome). 
A)  second-degree AV block. 
B)  atrial fibrillation. 
C)  premature ventricular complexes. 
D)  preexcitation syndrome tachycardia (Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome).

Question 5

A patient with heart failure who complains of intermittent shortness of breath during the night is experiencing

Accepted Answer

A)  orthopnea. 
B)  paroxysmal atrial tachycardia. 
C)  sleep apnea. 
D)  paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. 
A)  orthopnea. 
B)  paroxysmal atrial tachycardia. 
C)  sleep apnea. 
D)  paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.

Question 6

Digitalis therapy may improve symptoms of CHF, but it doesn't alter survival.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The therapy that most directly improves cardiac contractility in a patient with systolic heart failure is

Accepted Answer

A)  afterload reduction. 
B)  .$\beta$-antagonist agents. 
C)  preload reduction. 
D)  digitalis. 
A)  afterload reduction. 
B)  .$\beta$-antagonist agents. 
C)  preload reduction. 
D)  digitalis.

Question 8

Most cases of heart failure are a consequence of coronary heart disease or systemic hypertension.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

First-degree heart block is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  prolonged PR interval. 
B)  absent P waves. 
C)  widened QRS complex. 
D)  variable PR interval. 
A)  prolonged PR interval. 
B)  absent P waves. 
C)  widened QRS complex. 
D)  variable PR interval.

Question 10

An ejection fraction of 0.40 or higher is considered normal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Cardiac hypertrophy is stimulated by all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  angiotensin II. 
B)  norepinephrine. 
C)  increased myocardial wall tension. 
D)  atrial natriuretic peptide. 
A)  angiotensin II. 
B)  norepinephrine. 
C)  increased myocardial wall tension. 
D)  atrial natriuretic peptide.

Question 12

Loss of functional myocardial cells is the principal cause of heart failure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Oversecretion of B-type natriuretic peptide by the heart contributes to the volume overload of congestive heart failure (CHF).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Hypertrophy of the right ventricle is a compensatory response to

Accepted Answer

A)  aortic stenosis. 
B)  aortic regurgitation. 
C)  tricuspid stenosis. 
D)  pulmonary stenosis. 
A)  aortic stenosis. 
B)  aortic regurgitation. 
C)  tricuspid stenosis. 
D)  pulmonary stenosis.

Question 15

After sitting in a chair for an hour, an elderly patient develops moderate lower extremity edema. His edema is most likely a consequence of

Accepted Answer

A)  arterial obstruction. 
B)  isolated left-sided heart failure. 
C)  right-sided heart failure. 
D)  peripheral vascular disease. 
A)  arterial obstruction. 
B)  isolated left-sided heart failure. 
C)  right-sided heart failure. 
D)  peripheral vascular disease.

Question 16

Patients with structural evidence of heart failure who exhibit no signs or symptoms are classified into which New York Heart Association heart failure class?

Accepted Answer

A)  Class I 
B)  Class II 
C)  Class III 
D)  Class IV 
A)  Class I 
B)  Class II 
C)  Class III 
D)  Class IV

Question 17

In which of the following dysrhythmias should treatment be instituted immediately?

Accepted Answer

A)  Asymptomatic sinus bradycardia at a heart rate of 50 beats/min 
B)  Fever-induced tachycardia at 122 beats/min 
C)  Premature atrial complexes occurring every 20 seconds 
D)  Atrial fibrillation with a ventricular rate of 220 beats/min 
A)  Asymptomatic sinus bradycardia at a heart rate of 50 beats/min 
B)  Fever-induced tachycardia at 122 beats/min 
C)  Premature atrial complexes occurring every 20 seconds 
D)  Atrial fibrillation with a ventricular rate of 220 beats/min

Question 18

The common denominator in all forms of heart failure is

Accepted Answer

A)  poor diastolic filling. 
B)  reduced cardiac output. 
C)  pulmonary edema. 
D)  tissue ischemia. 
A)  poor diastolic filling. 
B)  reduced cardiac output. 
C)  pulmonary edema. 
D)  tissue ischemia.

Question 19

Lusitropic impairment refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  poor contractile force. 
B)  impaired diastolic relaxation. 
C)  altered action potential conduction rate. 
D)  altered automaticity. 
A)  poor contractile force. 
B)  impaired diastolic relaxation. 
C)  altered action potential conduction rate. 
D)  altered automaticity.

Question 20

Low cardiac output to the kidneys stimulates the release of _____ from juxtaglomerular cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  aldosterone 
B)  norepinephrine 
C)  angiotensinogen 
D)  renin 
A)  aldosterone 
B)  norepinephrine 
C)  angiotensinogen 
D)  renin

Exam 19: Heart Failure and Dysrhythmias: Common Sequelae of Cardiac

Cor pulmonale refers to

Second-degree heart block type I (Wenckebach) is characterized by

An abnormally wide (more than 1.0 msec) QRS complex is characteristic of

All of the following dysrhythmias are thought to be associated with reentrant mechanisms except

A patient with heart failure who complains of intermittent shortness of breath during the night is experiencing

Digitalis therapy may improve symptoms of CHF, but it doesn't alter survival.

The therapy that most directly improves cardiac contractility in a patient with systolic heart failure is

Most cases of heart failure are a consequence of coronary heart disease or systemic hypertension.

First-degree heart block is characterized by

An ejection fraction of 0.40 or higher is considered normal.

Cardiac hypertrophy is stimulated by all of the following except

Loss of functional myocardial cells is the principal cause of heart failure.

Oversecretion of B-type natriuretic peptide by the heart contributes to the volume overload of congestive heart failure (CHF).

Hypertrophy of the right ventricle is a compensatory response to

After sitting in a chair for an hour, an elderly patient develops moderate lower extremity edema. His edema is most likely a consequence of

Patients with structural evidence of heart failure who exhibit no signs or symptoms are classified into which New York Heart Association heart failure class?

In which of the following dysrhythmias should treatment be instituted immediately?

The common denominator in all forms of heart failure is

Lusitropic impairment refers to

Low cardiac output to the kidneys stimulates the release of _____ from juxtaglomerular cells.

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Homeostasis and Adaptive Response to Stressors

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Injury, Aging, and Death

Molecular Genetics and Tissue Differentiation

Genetic and Developmental Disorders

Neoplasia

Infectious Processes

Inflammation and Immunity

Alterations in Immune Function

Malignant Disorders of White Blood Cells

Hiv Disease and Aids

Alterations in Oxygen Transport

Alterations in Hemostasis and Blood Coagulation

Alterations in Blood Flow

Alterations in Blood Pressure

Cardiac Function

Alterations in Cardiac Function

Shock

Respiratory Function and Alterations in Gas Exchange

Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders

Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders

Fluid and Electrolyte Homeostasis and Imbalances

Acid-Base Homeostasis and Imbalances

Renal Function

Intrarenal Disorders

Acute Renal Failure and Chronic Kidney Disease

Disorders of the Bladder

Male Genital and Reproductive Function

Alterations in Male Genital and Reproductive Function

Female Genital and Reproductive Function

Alterations in Female Genital and Reproductive Function

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Gastrointestinal Function

Gastrointestinal Disorders

Alterations in Function of the Gallbladder and Exocrine Pancreas

Liver Diseases

Endocrine Physiology and Mechanisms of Hypothalmic-Pituitary Regulation

Disorders of Endocrine Function

Diabetes Mellitus

Alterations in Metabolism and Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Acute Disorders of Brain Function

Chronic Disorders of Neurologic Function

Alterations in Special Sensory Function

Pain

Neurobiology of Psychotic Illnesses

Neurobiology of Nonpsychotic Illnesses

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Trauma, Infection, and Disease

Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Rheumatic Disorders

Alterations in the Integumentary System

Burn Injuries

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