Exam 2: Personality: What It Is, How Its Measured

In Pavlov's research with dogs, the meat was ______.

In ______ tests, people are shown ambiguous stimuli such as inkblots or drawings and asked to say what they look like or tell stories about them.

According to Freud, experiences that we are currently unaware but of which we can become aware by focusing on them are located in the ______.

Erikson theorized that there are eight stages of psychosexual development.

According to Skinner, money is an example of a(n) ______ reinforcer.

To ______ thinkers, free choice is the veritable essence of what it means to be human.

According to learning theory, a change in the environment that leads directly to a change in behavior is called ______.

Freud saw all motivation as stemming from the ego.

For Freud, the psychic structure that begins to develop during the first year of life is called the ______.

Of the following groups of Americans, ______ show the most individualist cultural orientation.

The idea that people influence their environment just as their environment influences them is known as ______.

The United States and many northern European nations tend to be individualistic.

According to Freud, children enter the ______ stage of development during the second year of life.

Summarize the elements that trait theorists feel are necessary for a person to have a healthy personality.

Traits are remarkably unstable elements of personality.

In the "Little Albert" study, an 11-month-old boy was taught to fear a rat through the use of ______.

A parent wants to help her child develop self-esteem. If she follows Carl Rogers's guidelines, she will most likely provide the child with ______.

______ tests present respondents with a standardized group of test items in the form of a questionnaire.

Skinner is noted to have equated psychological health with the abilities to love and work.

According to Freud, the part of personality that acts as a censor that screens the impulses of the id is the ______.