Exam 9: Language and Thought

Obsession is to compulsion as _______ is to ________.

Neuroleptic medications can produce tardive dyskinesia, a permanent motor disturbance of the __________. Tardive dyskinesia may reflect the restructuring of neural systems involving the neurotransmitter _________.

A rule that guarantees the solution to a problem when it is correctly applied is termed a(n) ___________.

What is tardive dyskinesia?

As a beginning driver, Xaviera had to think consciously about the process as she negotiated traffic; now, however, driving has become second nature for her. Whereas driving initially demanded ________ processing, it now reflects _______ processing.

What is the term used to define the developmental time window during which the brain is especially susceptible to influences?

Define transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and describe a study that used this technique.

Following a small stroke, Clemence has difficulty speaking grammatically. This impairment is termed ________ and suggests that Clemence may suffer from _______ aphasia.

What brain area is critical for speech production?

Babies can initially produce all of the phonemes of different languages.

When individuals remember driving directions based on the appearance of specific visual cues, what navigation strategy are they using?

What is the representativeness heuristic? Provide an example.

When he was in the fifth grade, Jorge's middle-SES parents died in a tragic accident. Jorge was adopted into a lower-SES environment by an aunt. Kalendria, on the other hand, was born into a lower-SES environment but was adopted into a middle-SES milieu as a ten-year-old when her mother began an extended prison sentence. Lloyd, finally, was born into a middle-SES family, then adopted into a different middle-SES family at the age of 10. The vocabularies of all three children are assessed when they are 14. Which expression below provides the best estimate of their relative scores on the vocabulary test, all else being equal?

Negative self-reflection leads to improved self esteem.

A time window in which certain influences are necessary for appropriate brain development is called a(n) _________ period. A time window in which the brain is susceptible to certain influences is called a(n) _________.

Frank lost a contact lens in the kitchen; he is searching for it by examining each linoleum tile in turn to see if the lens is contained within the square. Gemma similarly lost a lens in the kitchen; she is looking for it near the base of the fridge and around the stove, the two appliances she remembers using when she was last in the kitchen. Which statement best describes the problem solving strategies of these two individuals?

You always clam up when I ask you what's wrong," Iris tells her boyfriend. Iris is probably making this frequency judgment because she can remember a few times that her boyfriend wouldn't tell her what was bothering him. Iris is using the _______ heuristic.

According to your text's discussion of the brain basis of language, one of the newest brain imaging techniques is:

Define metacognition.

The public might think the economic situation is not as bad as it really is if the government reported employment at 88 percent, rather than saying that the unemployment rate is 18 percent. Which of the following factors is influencing the public's judgment in this situation?