Question 1

Which of the following cell types migrates to the lymphoid tissue after encountering pathogens in the skin or the mucous membranes?

Accepted Answer

A) mast cells. 
B) dendritic cells. 
C) macrophages. 
D) none of the choices. 
A) mast cells. 
B) dendritic cells. 
C) macrophages. 
D) none of the choices.

Question 2

Reactive oxygen intermediates and reactive nitrogen intermediates produced by phagocytic cells are effective in killing invading microorganisms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

T cells undergo maturation in the bone marrow.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Substances that are recognized as foreign and provoke immune responses are called

Accepted Answer

A) antibodies. 
B) antigens. 
C) infective agents. 
D) inducers. 
A) antibodies. 
B) antigens. 
C) infective agents. 
D) inducers.

Question 5

Cytokines

Accepted Answer

A) cause lysis of invading microorganisms. 
B) play key roles in both specific and non-specific immunity. 
C) are required for regulation of the immune response. 
D) play key roles in both specific and non-specific immunity and are required for regulation of the immune response. 
A) cause lysis of invading microorganisms. 
B) play key roles in both specific and non-specific immunity. 
C) are required for regulation of the immune response. 
D) play key roles in both specific and non-specific immunity and are required for regulation of the immune response.

Question 6

The skin surface (epidermis)is a very favorable environment for colonization by microorganisms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Inflammation is a nonspecific defensive reaction to a tissue injury.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Eosinophils defend against protist and helminth parasites by

Accepted Answer

A) phagocytosis. 
B) complement activation. 
C) antibody production. 
D) releasing cationic proteins and reactive oxygen metabolites. 
A) phagocytosis. 
B) complement activation. 
C) antibody production. 
D) releasing cationic proteins and reactive oxygen metabolites.

Question 9

Lactobacillus contributes to the antimicrobial defenses for the adult female reproductive tract by making lactic acid to lower the pH.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of the following is (are)way(s)that the complement system aids in the defensive responses of an organism?

Accepted Answer

A) Lysis of antibody coated gram-negative bacteria. 
B) Attract phagocytic cells. 
C) Activation of phagocytic cells. 
D) All of these are ways that the complement system aids in the defensive responses of an organism. 
A) Lysis of antibody coated gram-negative bacteria. 
B) Attract phagocytic cells. 
C) Activation of phagocytic cells. 
D) All of these are ways that the complement system aids in the defensive responses of an organism.

Question 11

____________ are a group of cytokines produced by some eukaryotic cells in response to a viral infection.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________ are a group of cytokines produced...

Question 12

Which of the following is used to help protect the lungs from infection?

Accepted Answer

A) Turbulent airflow deposits airborne pathogens on sticky mucosal surfaces. 
B) The mucociliary escalator moves trapped organisms away from the lungs by ciliary action. 
C) Coughing and sneezing forcefully expel organisms away from the lungs. 
D) all of the choices 
A) Turbulent airflow deposits airborne pathogens on sticky mucosal surfaces. 
B) The mucociliary escalator moves trapped organisms away from the lungs by ciliary action. 
C) Coughing and sneezing forcefully expel organisms away from the lungs. 
D) all of the choices

Question 13

The alternate complement pathway plays an important role in

Accepted Answer

A) innate immunity. 
B) aquired immunity. 
C) specific immunity. 
D) innate immunity and specific immunity. 
A) innate immunity. 
B) aquired immunity. 
C) specific immunity. 
D) innate immunity and specific immunity.

Question 14

A fever augments the host's defenses by

Accepted Answer

A) stimulating leukocytes into action. 
B) enhancing microbiostasis. 
C) enhancing the activity of the immune system. 
D) all of these 
A) stimulating leukocytes into action. 
B) enhancing microbiostasis. 
C) enhancing the activity of the immune system. 
D) all of these

Question 15

The ________ is a large organ in the abdominal cavity that specializes in filtering the blood and trapping blood-borne microorganisms and antigens.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ is a large organ in...

Question 16

Lysozyme is an enzyme that lyses

Accepted Answer

A) viruses. 
B) fungi. 
C) bacteria. 
D) parasites. 
A) viruses. 
B) fungi. 
C) bacteria. 
D) parasites.

Question 17

The bacteriocins produced by Escherichia coli are called colicins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Body temperature is a physiological barrier against certain microorganisms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Natural killer cells specifically kill which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Tumor cells and cells infected by microorganisms. 
B) Gram positive bacteria. 
C) Fungi and protozoa. 
D) Foreign transplanted tissue. 
A) Tumor cells and cells infected by microorganisms. 
B) Gram positive bacteria. 
C) Fungi and protozoa. 
D) Foreign transplanted tissue.

Question 20

Cervical mucus has antibacterial activity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 33: Innate Host Resistance

Which of the following cell types migrates to the lymphoid tissue after encountering pathogens in the skin or the mucous membranes?

Reactive oxygen intermediates and reactive nitrogen intermediates produced by phagocytic cells are effective in killing invading microorganisms.

T cells undergo maturation in the bone marrow.

Substances that are recognized as foreign and provoke immune responses are called

Cytokines

The skin surface (epidermis)is a very favorable environment for colonization by microorganisms.

Inflammation is a nonspecific defensive reaction to a tissue injury.

Eosinophils defend against protist and helminth parasites by

Lactobacillus contributes to the antimicrobial defenses for the adult female reproductive tract by making lactic acid to lower the pH.

Which of the following is (are)way(s)that the complement system aids in the defensive responses of an organism?

____________ are a group of cytokines produced by some eukaryotic cells in response to a viral infection.

Which of the following is used to help protect the lungs from infection?

The alternate complement pathway plays an important role in

A fever augments the host's defenses by

The ________ is a large organ in the abdominal cavity that specializes in filtering the blood and trapping blood-borne microorganisms and antigens.

Lysozyme is an enzyme that lyses

The bacteriocins produced by Escherichia coli are called colicins.

Body temperature is a physiological barrier against certain microorganisms.

Natural killer cells specifically kill which of the following?

Cervical mucus has antibacterial activity.

The Evolution of Microorganisms and Microbiology

Microscopy

Bacterial Cell Structure

Archaeal Cell Structure

Eukaryotic Cell Structure

Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

Microbial Growth

Control of Microorganisms in the Environment

Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Introduction to Metabolism

Catabolism: Energy Release and Conservation

Anabolism: the Use of Energy in Biosynthesis

Bacterial Genome Replication and Expression

Regulation of Bacterial Cellular Processes

Eukaryotic and Archaeal Genome Replication and Expression

Mechanisms of Genetic Variation

Recombinant Dna Technology

Microbial Genomics

Microbial Taxonomy and the Evolution of Diversity

The Archaea

The Deinococci,mollicutes,and Nonproteobacterial Gram-Negative Bacteria

The Proteobacteria

Firmicutes: the Low G 1 C Gram-Positive Bacteria

Actinobacteria: the High G 1 C Gram-Positive Bacteria

The Protists

The Fungi Eumycota

Viruses

Biogeochemical Cycling and Global Climate Change

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Microorganisms in Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems

Microorganisms in Terrestrial Ecosystems

Microbial Interactions

Adaptive Immunity

Pathogenicity and Infection

Clinical Microbiology and Immunology

Epidemiology and Public Health Microbiology

Human Diseases Caused by Viruses and Prions

Human Diseases Caused by Bacteria

Human Diseases Caused by Fungi and Protists

Microbiology of Food

Biotechnology and Industrial Microbiology

Applied Environmental Microbiology

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