Question 1

A mature activated B cell is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) plasma cell. 
B) dendritic cell. 
C) natural killer cell. 
D) spleen cell. 
A) plasma cell. 
B) dendritic cell. 
C) natural killer cell. 
D) spleen cell.

Question 2

Macrophages are derived from

Accepted Answer

A) granulocytes. 
B) basophils. 
C) neutrophils. 
D) monocytes. 
A) granulocytes. 
B) basophils. 
C) neutrophils. 
D) monocytes.

Question 3

Complement mediated lysis is achieved by

Accepted Answer

A) entry of lysozyme into gram-positive bacteria. 
B) entry of lysozyme into gram-negative bacteria. 
C) entry of lysozyme into gram-positive bacteria and entry of lysozyme into gram-negative bacteria. 
D) none of the choices 
A) entry of lysozyme into gram-positive bacteria. 
B) entry of lysozyme into gram-negative bacteria. 
C) entry of lysozyme into gram-positive bacteria and entry of lysozyme into gram-negative bacteria. 
D) none of the choices

Question 4

Phagocytosis leads to destruction of engulfed pathogens by which of the following mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

A) Lysosomal mediated hydrolysis. 
B) Production of bacteriocins. 
C) Complement fixation. 
D) All of the choices. 
A) Lysosomal mediated hydrolysis. 
B) Production of bacteriocins. 
C) Complement fixation. 
D) All of the choices.

Question 5

The alternative complement pathway plays an important role in innate immunity,but it is not an effective defense against intravascular invasion by bacteria and some fungi.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Lymphocytes are comprised of which of the following cell types?

Accepted Answer

A) T cells 
B) B cells 
C) natural killer cells 
D) all of the choices 
E) T cells and B cells only 
A) T cells 
B) B cells 
C) natural killer cells 
D) all of the choices 
E) T cells and B cells only

Question 7

Dendritic cells

Accepted Answer

A) play an important role in the development of allergies and hypersensitivity. 
B) contain granules with histamine and other pharmacologically active substances that contribute to the inflammatory response. 
C) are capable of recognizing specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns and play an important role in non-specific resistance. 
D) are mainly important in the defense against protozoan and helminth parasites. 
A) play an important role in the development of allergies and hypersensitivity. 
B) contain granules with histamine and other pharmacologically active substances that contribute to the inflammatory response. 
C) are capable of recognizing specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns and play an important role in non-specific resistance. 
D) are mainly important in the defense against protozoan and helminth parasites.

Question 8

Under normal circumstances,which of the following is(are)normally sterile environments in mammals?

Accepted Answer

A) kidneys 
B) ureters 
C) urinary bladder 
D) all of these 
A) kidneys 
B) ureters 
C) urinary bladder 
D) all of these

Question 9

Lectin binds to certain carbohydrates to begin the activation of the classical complement pathway.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Tears protect the eyes by

Accepted Answer

A) flushing and lysozyme. 
B) inflammation. 
C) vasodilation. 
D) stimulating opsonization. 
E) flushing and lysozyme and vasodilation 
A) flushing and lysozyme. 
B) inflammation. 
C) vasodilation. 
D) stimulating opsonization. 
E) flushing and lysozyme and vasodilation

Question 11

Which of the following releases histamine?

Accepted Answer

A) mast cells 
B) basophils 
C) plasma cells 
D) mast cells and basophils 
E) none of the choices 
A) mast cells 
B) basophils 
C) plasma cells 
D) mast cells and basophils 
E) none of the choices

Question 12

An intraepidermal lymphocyte migrates to a lymph node and matures into a dendritic cell after phagocytosing an antigen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The lymph nodes lie at the junctions of lymphatic vessels where they filter out microbes and antigens from the lymph.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The innate response resists a particular foreign agent; moreover,innate immune responses improve on repeated exposure to the agent.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of the following is a physical barrier in the nonspecific defense of a mammalian host?

Accepted Answer

A) inflammation 
B) phagocytosis 
C) fever 
D) mucous membranes 
A) inflammation 
B) phagocytosis 
C) fever 
D) mucous membranes

Question 16

The average adult has approximately 100,000 leukocytes per mm3of blood.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The lungs are protected from microorganisms by

Accepted Answer

A) the mucociliary blanket. 
B) lysozyme in mucus. 
C) phagocytic action of alveolar macrophages. 
D) all of the choices 
A) the mucociliary blanket. 
B) lysozyme in mucus. 
C) phagocytic action of alveolar macrophages. 
D) all of the choices

Question 18

In birds,the __________ of Fabricius is where B cells undergo maturation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In birds,the __________ of Fabricius is where...

Question 19

Which of the following is not a way in which fever augments the host's defenses?

Accepted Answer

A) Inhibition of the parasite's growth by raising the temperature above the optimum growth temperature. 
B) Inhibition of growth by decreasing the availability of iron to the organism. 
C) Stimulation of leukocytes into action so that they can kill the organism. 
D) Enhances the activity of the immune system. 
A) Inhibition of the parasite's growth by raising the temperature above the optimum growth temperature. 
B) Inhibition of growth by decreasing the availability of iron to the organism. 
C) Stimulation of leukocytes into action so that they can kill the organism. 
D) Enhances the activity of the immune system.

Exam 33: Innate Host Resistance

A mature activated B cell is called a(n)

Macrophages are derived from

Complement mediated lysis is achieved by

Phagocytosis leads to destruction of engulfed pathogens by which of the following mechanisms?

The alternative complement pathway plays an important role in innate immunity,but it is not an effective defense against intravascular invasion by bacteria and some fungi.

Lymphocytes are comprised of which of the following cell types?

Dendritic cells

Under normal circumstances,which of the following is(are)normally sterile environments in mammals?

Lectin binds to certain carbohydrates to begin the activation of the classical complement pathway.

Tears protect the eyes by

Which of the following releases histamine?

An intraepidermal lymphocyte migrates to a lymph node and matures into a dendritic cell after phagocytosing an antigen.

The lymph nodes lie at the junctions of lymphatic vessels where they filter out microbes and antigens from the lymph.

The innate response resists a particular foreign agent; moreover,innate immune responses improve on repeated exposure to the agent.

Which of the following is a physical barrier in the nonspecific defense of a mammalian host?

The average adult has approximately 100,000 leukocytes per mm3of blood.

The lungs are protected from microorganisms by

In birds,the __________ of Fabricius is where B cells undergo maturation.

Which of the following is not a way in which fever augments the host's defenses?

The Evolution of Microorganisms and Microbiology

Microscopy

Bacterial Cell Structure

Archaeal Cell Structure

Eukaryotic Cell Structure

Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

Microbial Growth

Control of Microorganisms in the Environment

Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Introduction to Metabolism

Catabolism: Energy Release and Conservation

Anabolism: the Use of Energy in Biosynthesis

Bacterial Genome Replication and Expression

Regulation of Bacterial Cellular Processes

Eukaryotic and Archaeal Genome Replication and Expression

Mechanisms of Genetic Variation

Recombinant Dna Technology

Microbial Genomics

Microbial Taxonomy and the Evolution of Diversity

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The Deinococci,mollicutes,and Nonproteobacterial Gram-Negative Bacteria

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Firmicutes: the Low G 1 C Gram-Positive Bacteria

Actinobacteria: the High G 1 C Gram-Positive Bacteria

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Biogeochemical Cycling and Global Climate Change

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Microorganisms in Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems

Microorganisms in Terrestrial Ecosystems

Microbial Interactions

Adaptive Immunity

Pathogenicity and Infection

Clinical Microbiology and Immunology

Epidemiology and Public Health Microbiology

Human Diseases Caused by Viruses and Prions

Human Diseases Caused by Bacteria

Human Diseases Caused by Fungi and Protists

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The average adult has approximately 100,000 leukocytes per mm³of blood.