Exam 12: Development Over the Lifespan

Neoanalytic theorists such as Alfred Adler and Carl Jung departed from traditional psychoanalytic theory in that they:

Julian Rotter's concept of self-efficacy is specifically concerned with the amount of control and influence that people feel they have in their lives.

Freud argued that instinctual urges and desires continually give rise to energy.The energy created by this process serves to power the mind and constantly needs to be released in either direct or indirect ways.Freud termed this as ________________ .

Hal doesn't think he has much chance of getting into his top choice for medical school.However,he still very much likes this school and desires to go there.Based on Rotter's concept of expectancy,we would expect Hal not to apply to this school,while Rotter's concept of _____________ suggests that Hal would apply to this school.

Though his original theory of personality has been and continues to be criticized,Freud's ideas served to inspire the work of other personality theorists who have made significant contributions to the field.In this sense,Freud's theory could be considered "useful" because it:

The personality measures known as __________ ___________ include the Rorschach Inkblot test and the Thematic Apperception Test.

The superego's "shoulds" in Freud's psychoanalytic theory are most similar to __________________ in Roger's humanistic theory.

A person is sometimes described as intelligent because he speaks only when he has something important to say.The "few words" spoken are often considered more important than the many words spoken by others.Among the trait theorists,the belief that personality can be understood in terms of only two dimensions would be held by _____________________.

Ronnie's new roommate,Tim,is driving him crazy! His roommate is a compulsive neat freak who cannot tolerate anything left out of place in the apartment.Not only that,but Tim insists the cleaning be done in a certain way and at a certain time each day.If Tim were to seek advice from a psychoanalyst,Tim might be told that his compulsions are the result of harsh toilet training when Tim was a child.This suggests Tim is stuck in the ___________ psychosexual stage of development.

A marital researcher is interested in the personality factors and attitudes that contribute to successful marriages.This researcher has interviewed hundreds of different couples already,so in order to gather some potentially new information,he gives 20 married couples a beeper that randomly activates two to three times a day.When the beeper goes off,the couple is asked to call in to an answering machine in the lab and report on what they were just doing,thinking,and feeling.This study best demonstrates the personality assessment method known as:

Carl Rogers asserted that well-adjusted individuals respond to the threat created by experiences that are inconsistent with the self by:

Margaret is prone to depression and physical illness.She lacks the tools needed to make herself feel better when she experiences a negative outcome or failure.Margaret most likely:

Julian Rotter's notion of ______________ focuses on people's perceptions of the consequences that are likely to occur if they engage in particular behaviours.

Dr.Stevens is interested in studying social behaviour among children.To address this issue,he creates an elaborate coding system that can be used to categorize and classify various social behaviours that children display,such as sharing their crayons or trading turns on a swing set.Dr.Stevens' work is best considered as an example of which type of personality assessment?

Criticisms of the humanistic approach to personality include that it relies too heavily on self-report and sometimes utilizes apparently circular reasoning.

All of the following were mentioned as characteristics of the behaviours typically associated with personality EXCEPT behaviours that are viewed as:

Measures of physiological functioning,like level of cortical arousal,can be used to assess personality.

Researchers will create explicit coding systems that contain the particular behavioural categories in which they are interested to assess personality and/or behaviours,This is typical of:

In Western cultures both men and women prize attributes like emotional strength,and self-sufficiency.

Explain the relationship between the various perspectives on personality and the kinds of measures favoured by each.