Exam 4: The Brain and Nervous System

Differences in the brain always account for the differences in people's behavior across situations.

Neurons greatly outnumber glial cells.

The thalamus is a brain structure that relays sensory messages to the cerebral cortex.

The cortex in the human brain is about _______________ millimeters in thickness.

_______________ carry orders from the central nervous system to muscles, glands, and internal organs.

Suppose you come across an article on a news website. According to the article, a new study has found anatomical differences between the male and female brain that explain why men and women "don't see eye-to-eye on so many topics." What are some reasons why you should be skeptical of this type of claim?

Axons commonly divide at the end into branches called axon terminals.

Which of the following neurotransmitters functions as the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?

Acetylcholine affects neurons involved in arousal, and is also involved in muscle action.

Which of the following regions in the brain is involved in language comprehension?

While Bridget is walking on the road, a bicyclist swerves toward her. Her heart races and sweat breaks out as she jumps out of harm's way. Soon, Bridget's heart rate begins to decrease. This calming reaction is due to the action of Bridget's:

The gray matter in the brain consists of long, myelin-covered axons.

The occipital lobes contain the visual cortex, where visual signals are processed.

Danny suffered brain damage in a car accident. As a result, he is clumsy and uncoordinated. Which structure was most likely damaged?

As she entered a health food store, Gail noticed a sign recommending an herbal remedy called, "Saint- John's-wort" for the treatment of depression. Explain how this remedy affects the biochemistry of the nervous system.

The _______________ is the largest part of the human brain.

_______________ records biochemical changes in the brain as they are happening, often using injections of a glucose-like substance containing a radioactive element.

In 1848, an explosion near railroad-worker Phineas Gage sent a 3½-foot iron rod through his skull. The iron rod entered his head under the left eye and emerged from the top of Phineas' head. What conclusion do many modern neuroscientists draw from case study?

In Parkinson's disease, a loss of cells that produce _______________ is responsible for tremors and muscle rigidity.

Which of the following neurotransmitters affects neurons involved in learning, dreaming, and waking from sleep?