Question 1

Which of the following statements is generally true for people capable of reflective judgment?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are willing to consider evidence from a variety of sources and to reason dialectically. 
B)  They tend to assume that a correct answer always exists and that it can be obtained directly through the senses or from authorities. 
C)  They think that all opinions are created equal. 
D)  They do not distinguish between knowledge and belief or between belief and evidence, and they see no reason to justify a belief. 
A)  They are willing to consider evidence from a variety of sources and to reason dialectically. 
B)  They tend to assume that a correct answer always exists and that it can be obtained directly through the senses or from authorities. 
C)  They think that all opinions are created equal. 
D)  They do not distinguish between knowledge and belief or between belief and evidence, and they see no reason to justify a belief. A

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true of formal reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A)  In formal reasoning, the information needed for drawing a conclusion or reaching a solution is specified clearly. 
B)  In formal reasoning, many approaches, viewpoints, or possible solutions may compete, and you may have to decide which one is most "reasonable." 
C)  Formal reasoning involves dialectical reasoning. 
D)  Formal reasoning uses heuristics, or rules of thumb, to try to reach a solution. 
A)  In formal reasoning, the information needed for drawing a conclusion or reaching a solution is specified clearly. 
B)  In formal reasoning, many approaches, viewpoints, or possible solutions may compete, and you may have to decide which one is most "reasonable." 
C)  Formal reasoning involves dialectical reasoning. 
D)  Formal reasoning uses heuristics, or rules of thumb, to try to reach a solution. A

Question 3

________ is the tendency to falsely attribute human qualities to nonhuman beings.

Accepted Answer

A)  Anthropomorphism 
B)  Anthropodenial 
C)  Convergent thinking 
D)  Divergent thinking 
A)  Anthropomorphism 
B)  Anthropodenial 
C)  Convergent thinking 
D)  Divergent thinking A

Question 4

As an African American, Sanyu is aware of the negative stereotypes regarding racial differences in intelligence. If he experiences stereotype threat while taking an intelligence test, it is likely that:

Accepted Answer

A)  Sanyu's self-conscious awareness of the stereotype may worsen his test performance. 
B)  Sanyu's test score will be unaffected, but he will feel uncomfortable throughout the test. 
C)  Sanyu's awareness of the stereotype will motivate him to excel on the test. 
D)  Sanyu will return the test to the administrator completely blank. 
A)  Sanyu's self-conscious awareness of the stereotype may worsen his test performance. 
B)  Sanyu's test score will be unaffected, but he will feel uncomfortable throughout the test. 
C)  Sanyu's awareness of the stereotype will motivate him to excel on the test. 
D)  Sanyu will return the test to the administrator completely blank.

Question 5

A honeybee performs a little dance that communicates to other bees the direction and distance of food. Because the bee can "talk" about something that is located elsewhere, its communication system shows ___________. But because the bee can create only utterances that are genetically wired into its repertoire, its communication system lacks ___________.

Accepted Answer

displaceme

Question 6

What two findings in the previous section support Whorf's theory that language affects perception and cognition?

Accepted Answer

Color terms can affect how peo

Question 7

The tendency to look for or pay attention only to information that supports one's own belief is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  a mental set. 
B)  confirmation bias. 
C)  stereotype threat. 
D)  mindlessness. 
A)  a mental set. 
B)  confirmation bias. 
C)  stereotype threat. 
D)  mindlessness.

Question 8

Informal reasoning involves:

Accepted Answer

A)  using algorithms. 
B)  finding a single correct answer. 
C)  nonconscious responding. 
D)  dialectical reasoning. 
A)  using algorithms. 
B)  finding a single correct answer. 
C)  nonconscious responding. 
D)  dialectical reasoning.

Question 9

Children in Beijing typically outperform children in Chicago on tests of mathematical ability because:

Accepted Answer

A)  Chinese children have more innate mathematical ability. 
B)  Chinese children have better schools. 
C)  Chinese children have more financial support. 
D)  Chinese children value education more. 
A)  Chinese children have more innate mathematical ability. 
B)  Chinese children have better schools. 
C)  Chinese children have more financial support. 
D)  Chinese children value education more.

Question 10

In Chapter 9, the authors note that many adults take one position and stick with it no matter what. How does this lack of reflective judgment and dialectical thinking relate to the critical thinking guidelines explained in Chapter 1?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 11

Gertrude voted "yes" on a ballot question about whether convicted sex offenders should be banned from being within 500 feet of a playground. Afterwards, she realized that she voted yes because she was disgusted by the thought of sex offenders near playgrounds, but did not really consider whether the ban would actually decrease the probability that a child would be harmed. Gertrude used ________________ to make her decision.

Accepted Answer

A)  the affect heuristic 
B)  objective analysis 
C)  confirmation bias 
D)  the availability heuristic 
A)  the affect heuristic 
B)  objective analysis 
C)  confirmation bias 
D)  the availability heuristic

Question 12

The day after the election, Josephine says that she knew all along who the winner would be. Although it is possible that she had some special insight into the election, it is more likely that Josephine is:

Accepted Answer

A)  avoiding loss. 
B)  exhibiting confirmation bias. 
C)  exaggerating the improbable. 
D)  exhibiting hindsight bias. 
A)  avoiding loss. 
B)  exhibiting confirmation bias. 
C)  exaggerating the improbable. 
D)  exhibiting hindsight bias.

Question 13

People have reported visual and auditory mental images, but mental images do not occur in other sensory modalities.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Investigations of animal behaviors indicate that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the actions of animals can be explained by instinct and by principles of operant conditioning alone. 
B)  chimpanzees have a rudimentary sense of number and appear to have some sort of summing ability. 
C)  humans are the only animals who can acquire behaviors from their parents. 
D)  Many animals use species-specific languages to communicate. 
A)  the actions of animals can be explained by instinct and by principles of operant conditioning alone. 
B)  chimpanzees have a rudimentary sense of number and appear to have some sort of summing ability. 
C)  humans are the only animals who can acquire behaviors from their parents. 
D)  Many animals use species-specific languages to communicate.

Question 15

Without _________, it is difficult to acquire tacit knowledge.

Accepted Answer

A)  componential intelligence 
B)  contextual intelligence 
C)  experiential intelligence 
D)  metacognitive intelligence 
A)  componential intelligence 
B)  contextual intelligence 
C)  experiential intelligence 
D)  metacognitive intelligence

Question 16

In a study of eighth graders, ___________ was more strongly correlated with school performance than ___________ was.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a study of eighth graders, ___________...

Question 17

In early studies, researchers teaching language to primates unwittingly gave nonverbal cues that might have enabled the apes to respond correctly.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which example of the concept chair is prototypical: high chair, rocking chair, or dining room chair?

Accepted Answer

A plain, straight-ba

Question 19

Which of the following is one of the components in Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A)  metacognitive intelligence 
B)  cultural intelligence 
C)  contextual intelligence 
D)  emotional intelligence 
A)  metacognitive intelligence 
B)  cultural intelligence 
C)  contextual intelligence 
D)  emotional intelligence

Question 20

Fenton has learned a great strategy for winning a card game, but he developed the strategy without being able to consciously identify what he was doing. He isn't even sure what exactly he has learned! This type of learning is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  implicit learning. 
B)  prototypical learning. 
C)  mindless learning. 
D)  algorithmic learning. 
A)  implicit learning. 
B)  prototypical learning. 
C)  mindless learning. 
D)  algorithmic learning.

Which of the following statements is generally true for people capable of reflective judgment?

Which of the following statements is true of formal reasoning?

________ is the tendency to falsely attribute human qualities to nonhuman beings.

As an African American, Sanyu is aware of the negative stereotypes regarding racial differences in intelligence. If he experiences stereotype threat while taking an intelligence test, it is likely that:

What two findings in the previous section support Whorf's theory that language affects perception and cognition?

The tendency to look for or pay attention only to information that supports one's own belief is called:

Informal reasoning involves:

Children in Beijing typically outperform children in Chicago on tests of mathematical ability because:

In Chapter 9, the authors note that many adults take one position and stick with it no matter what. How does this lack of reflective judgment and dialectical thinking relate to the critical thinking guidelines explained in Chapter 1?

The day after the election, Josephine says that she knew all along who the winner would be. Although it is possible that she had some special insight into the election, it is more likely that Josephine is:

People have reported visual and auditory mental images, but mental images do not occur in other sensory modalities.

Investigations of animal behaviors indicate that:

Without _________, it is difficult to acquire tacit knowledge.

In a study of eighth graders, _ was more strongly correlated with school performance than _ was.

In early studies, researchers teaching language to primates unwittingly gave nonverbal cues that might have enabled the apes to respond correctly.

Which example of the concept chair is prototypical: high chair, rocking chair, or dining room chair?

Which of the following is one of the components in Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence?

Fenton has learned a great strategy for winning a card game, but he developed the strategy without being able to consciously identify what he was doing. He isn't even sure what exactly he has learned! This type of learning is called:

What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Genes, Evolution, and Environment

The Brain and Nervous System

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

Memory

Emotion, Stress, and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Filters

Exam 9: Thinking and Intelligence

Which of the following statements is generally true for people capable of reflective judgment?

Which of the following statements is true of formal reasoning?

________ is the tendency to falsely attribute human qualities to nonhuman beings.

As an African American, Sanyu is aware of the negative stereotypes regarding racial differences in intelligence. If he experiences stereotype threat while taking an intelligence test, it is likely that:

What two findings in the previous section support Whorf's theory that language affects perception and cognition?

The tendency to look for or pay attention only to information that supports one's own belief is called:

Informal reasoning involves:

Children in Beijing typically outperform children in Chicago on tests of mathematical ability because:

In Chapter 9, the authors note that many adults take one position and stick with it no matter what. How does this lack of reflective judgment and dialectical thinking relate to the critical thinking guidelines explained in Chapter 1?

The day after the election, Josephine says that she knew all along who the winner would be. Although it is possible that she had some special insight into the election, it is more likely that Josephine is:

People have reported visual and auditory mental images, but mental images do not occur in other sensory modalities.

Investigations of animal behaviors indicate that:

Without _________, it is difficult to acquire tacit knowledge.

In a study of eighth graders, ___________ was more strongly correlated with school performance than ___________ was.

In early studies, researchers teaching language to primates unwittingly gave nonverbal cues that might have enabled the apes to respond correctly.

Which example of the concept chair is prototypical: high chair, rocking chair, or dining room chair?

Which of the following is one of the components in Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence?

Fenton has learned a great strategy for winning a card game, but he developed the strategy without being able to consciously identify what he was doing. He isn't even sure what exactly he has learned! This type of learning is called:

What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Genes, Evolution, and Environment

The Brain and Nervous System

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

Memory

Emotion, Stress, and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Filters

In a study of eighth graders, _ was more strongly correlated with school performance than _ was.