Exam 7: Learning and Conditioning

Being severely physically punished in childhood is a risk factor for which of the following?

Extinction occurs when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus.

The reappearance of a learned response after its apparent extinction is called ________.

After watching her father slide through pictures on his smartphone using his index finger, Laura, a 5-year- old, learns to use her finger to slide the screen on his smartphone. Laura acquired this behavior through ________.

_______________ is a procedure in which a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus through association with an already established conditioned stimulus.

Phil wants to train his parrot to kick a ball into a soccer net. Which of the following should he do?

For classical conditioning to be most effective, the stimulus to be conditioned should:

Louis is a 3-year-old who is deathly afraid of sitting in cars ever since he was in a mild car accident. He enjoys ice pops and chocolates, and responds gleefully to his favorite nursery rhyme, "Hickory Dickory Dock." Describe the classical conditioning procedure that can help reduce his fear.

Ivan Pavlov studied the reflexive flow of saliva in dogs. He used meat powder or other food to trigger the salivation. It was later observed that the salivation in the dog was triggered even before the food was placed in its mouth. In this experiment, ________ was the unconditioned stimulus.

Based on his observations of cats in puzzle boxes, Thorndike concluded that:

If a rat has learned to press a lever to obtain pellets of food and, all of a sudden, the response permanently ceases to produce any food, then _______ will occur.

Punishment occurs every day in families, schools, and workplaces. But often the intended results fail to occur. Explain, in detail, six reasons why punishment fails. When punishment must be used, what guidelines should be followed?

See whether you can supply the correct term to describe the outcome in each of these situations: -After Jeff learns to fear spiders, he also responds with fear of ants, beetles, and other crawling bugs.

A negative reinforcer makes a response more likely to reoccur.

Tim yells at his daughter Allison for soiling her pants. He also threatens to spank her if she ever does it again. Next week, she soils her pants again. According to studies on punishment, why did Tim's approach fail?

Which of the following statements is true of reinforcers?

Extrinsic reinforcers are defined as reinforcers that:

________ founded American behaviorism and recognized the real-life implications of classical conditioning.

A reliable response becomes less resistant to extinction if it is rewarded on an intermittent schedule of reinforcement.

A stimulus that is inherently reinforcing is called a secondary reinforcer.