Question 1

The junction of a neuron with another cell is a/an

Accepted Answer

A)  synapse. 
B)  ganglion. 
C)  receptor. 
D)  effector. 
A)  synapse. 
B)  ganglion. 
C)  receptor. 
D)  effector.

Question 2

____________ are collections of neuron cell bodies located outside of the central nervous system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________ are collections of neuron cell bodies...

Question 3

Voltage-gated sodium channels are sensitive to changes in the extracellular concentration of

Accepted Answer

A)  potassium ions. 
B)  proteins. 
C)  sodium ions. 
D)  chloride ions. 
E)  calcium ions. 
A)  potassium ions. 
B)  proteins. 
C)  sodium ions. 
D)  chloride ions. 
E)  calcium ions.

Question 4

A person who has seizures might have a deficit of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  GABA 
B)  dopamine 
C)  glutamate 
D)  serotonin 
E)  histamine 
A)  GABA 
B)  dopamine 
C)  glutamate 
D)  serotonin 
E)  histamine

Question 5

A neuron within the central nervous system that carries action potentials from one neuron to another is called a(n)____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  motor neuron 
B)  sensory neuron 
C)  afferent neuron 
D)  efferent neuron 
E)  interneuron 
A)  motor neuron 
B)  sensory neuron 
C)  afferent neuron 
D)  efferent neuron 
E)  interneuron

Question 6

When repolarization of a neuron is complete, the

Accepted Answer

A)  neuron dies. 
B)  neuron regenerates. 
C)  cell no longer has a potential difference across its membrane. 
D)  original polarity of the neuron is restored. 
E)  neuron is no longer excitable. 
A)  neuron dies. 
B)  neuron regenerates. 
C)  cell no longer has a potential difference across its membrane. 
D)  original polarity of the neuron is restored. 
E)  neuron is no longer excitable.

Question 7

An IPSP is inhibitory because it

Accepted Answer

A)  changes the threshold of the neuron. 
B)  hyperpolarizes the postsynaptic membrane. 
C)  prevents Ca2+ entry into the presynaptic terminal. 
D)  reduces the amount of neurotransmitter released by the presynaptic terminal. 
E)  depolarizes the postsynaptic membrane. 
A)  changes the threshold of the neuron. 
B)  hyperpolarizes the postsynaptic membrane. 
C)  prevents Ca2+ entry into the presynaptic terminal. 
D)  reduces the amount of neurotransmitter released by the presynaptic terminal. 
E)  depolarizes the postsynaptic membrane.

Question 8

The absolute refractory period assures

Accepted Answer

A)  prolonged depolarization during the action potential. 
B)  completion of repolarization before another action potential. 
C)  that no after-potential occurs. 
D)  reversal of the direction of propagation of the action potential. 
E)  that the stimulus is strong enough to elicit a response. 
A)  prolonged depolarization during the action potential. 
B)  completion of repolarization before another action potential. 
C)  that no after-potential occurs. 
D)  reversal of the direction of propagation of the action potential. 
E)  that the stimulus is strong enough to elicit a response.

Question 9

Continuous conduction of an action potential means that

Accepted Answer

A)  once one action potential is created, it moves down the axon. 
B)  the whole axon depolarizes at the same time. 
C)  one action potential stimulates the production of a new action potential at the adjacent site. 
D)  an action potential is conducted from one node of Ranvier to the next node. 
A)  once one action potential is created, it moves down the axon. 
B)  the whole axon depolarizes at the same time. 
C)  one action potential stimulates the production of a new action potential at the adjacent site. 
D)  an action potential is conducted from one node of Ranvier to the next node.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a neuroglia of the CNS?

Accepted Answer

A)  ependymal cells 
B)  satellite cells 
C)  oligodendrocytes 
D)  astrocytes 
A)  ependymal cells 
B)  satellite cells 
C)  oligodendrocytes 
D)  astrocytes

Question 11

Sensory neurons carrying action potentials from pain receptors synapse within the spinal cord with interneurons. These interneurons synapse with motor neurons leading back to an effector and ascending neurons that carry action potentials toward the brain. This is an example of a(n) _____ pathway.

Accepted Answer

A)  convergent 
B)  divergent 
C)  reverberating 
D)  sensory 
E)  bifurcated 
A)  convergent 
B)  divergent 
C)  reverberating 
D)  sensory 
E)  bifurcated

Question 12

Match the neuroglial cell with its function.
-ependymal cells

Accepted Answer

A) influence function of blood-brain barrier 
B) macrophages in CNS 
C) produce cerebrospinal fluid 
D) form myelin sheath around axons in CNS 
E) form myelin sheath around part of the axon in the PNS 
A) influence function of blood-brain barrier 
B) macrophages in CNS 
C) produce cerebrospinal fluid 
D) form myelin sheath around axons in CNS 
E) form myelin sheath around part of the axon in the PNS

Question 13

Match the following concerning concentration differences across the plasma membrane.
-large molecules trapped inside cell

Accepted Answer

A) concentration of potassium 
B) concentration of sodium and chloride 
C) negatively charged proteins 
D) sodium/potassium pump 
E) plasma membrane is more permeable to this ion because of leak ion channels 
A) concentration of potassium 
B) concentration of sodium and chloride 
C) negatively charged proteins 
D) sodium/potassium pump 
E) plasma membrane is more permeable to this ion because of leak ion channels

Question 14

Match the term with the correct definition.
-Local Potential

Accepted Answer

A) a small change in the resting membrane potential confined to a small area 
B) a charge difference across the plasma membrane when the cell is in an unstimulated state 
C) a larger change in resting membrane potential that spreads over entire surface of a cell 
D) membrane becomes more positive when sodium ions diffuse into cell 
E) return to the resting membrane potential 
A) a small change in the resting membrane potential confined to a small area 
B) a charge difference across the plasma membrane when the cell is in an unstimulated state 
C) a larger change in resting membrane potential that spreads over entire surface of a cell 
D) membrane becomes more positive when sodium ions diffuse into cell 
E) return to the resting membrane potential

Question 15

Which of the following is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)  central nervous system - brain 
B)  autonomic nervous system - sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions 
C)  peripheral nervous system - spinal nerves 
D)  somatic nervous system - sensory division of PNS 
E)  peripheral nervous system - sensory and motor divisions 
A)  central nervous system - brain 
B)  autonomic nervous system - sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions 
C)  peripheral nervous system - spinal nerves 
D)  somatic nervous system - sensory division of PNS 
E)  peripheral nervous system - sensory and motor divisions

Question 16

The blood-brain barrier

Accepted Answer

A)  permits passage of foreign substances from the blood to the neurons. 
B)  prohibits the transport of amino acids and glucose to the neurons. 
C)  prohibits the removal of waste materials from the neurons. 
D)  protects neurons from toxic substances in the blood. 
E)  does not prevent fluctuations in the composition of the blood from affecting the functions of the brain. 
A)  permits passage of foreign substances from the blood to the neurons. 
B)  prohibits the transport of amino acids and glucose to the neurons. 
C)  prohibits the removal of waste materials from the neurons. 
D)  protects neurons from toxic substances in the blood. 
E)  does not prevent fluctuations in the composition of the blood from affecting the functions of the brain.

Question 17

Match the neuroglial cell with its function.
-oligodendrocyte

Accepted Answer

A) influence function of blood-brain barrier 
B) macrophages in CNS 
C) produce cerebrospinal fluid 
D) form myelin sheath around axons in CNS 
E) form myelin sheath around part of the axon in the PNS 
A) influence function of blood-brain barrier 
B) macrophages in CNS 
C) produce cerebrospinal fluid 
D) form myelin sheath around axons in CNS 
E) form myelin sheath around part of the axon in the PNS

Question 18

When a neurotransmitter binds to its receptor and increases the permeability of the postsynaptic membrane to sodium ions,

Accepted Answer

A)  the membrane will be hyperpolarized. 
B)  more chloride ions will also diffuse into the cell. 
C)  an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) will result. 
D)  the membrane will become impermeable to potassium ions. 
E)  the sodium ions diffuse out of the cell. 
A)  the membrane will be hyperpolarized. 
B)  more chloride ions will also diffuse into the cell. 
C)  an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) will result. 
D)  the membrane will become impermeable to potassium ions. 
E)  the sodium ions diffuse out of the cell.

Question 19

An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) can result from the

Accepted Answer

A)  influx of calcium ions. 
B)  influx of sodium ions. 
C)  influx of chloride. 
D)  outflow of potassium ions. 
E)  either influx of chloride or outflow of potassium ions. 
A)  influx of calcium ions. 
B)  influx of sodium ions. 
C)  influx of chloride. 
D)  outflow of potassium ions. 
E)  either influx of chloride or outflow of potassium ions.

Question 20

A stimulus that results in a local potential that does not reach threshold is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  threshold stimulus. 
B)  maximal stimulus. 
C)  subthreshold stimulus. 
D)  supramaximal stimulus. 
E)  local stimulus. 
A)  threshold stimulus. 
B)  maximal stimulus. 
C)  subthreshold stimulus. 
D)  supramaximal stimulus. 
E)  local stimulus.

Exam 11: Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

The junction of a neuron with another cell is a/an

____________ are collections of neuron cell bodies located outside of the central nervous system.

Voltage-gated sodium channels are sensitive to changes in the extracellular concentration of

A person who has seizures might have a deficit of which of the following?

A neuron within the central nervous system that carries action potentials from one neuron to another is called a(n)____________.

When repolarization of a neuron is complete, the

An IPSP is inhibitory because it

The absolute refractory period assures

Continuous conduction of an action potential means that

Which of the following is NOT a neuroglia of the CNS?

Sensory neurons carrying action potentials from pain receptors synapse within the spinal cord with interneurons. These interneurons synapse with motor neurons leading back to an effector and ascending neurons that carry action potentials toward the brain. This is an example of a(n) _____ pathway.

Match the neuroglial cell with its function. -ependymal cells

Match the following concerning concentration differences across the plasma membrane. -large molecules trapped inside cell

Match the term with the correct definition. -Local Potential

Which of the following is mismatched?

The blood-brain barrier

Match the neuroglial cell with its function. -oligodendrocyte

When a neurotransmitter binds to its receptor and increases the permeability of the postsynaptic membrane to sodium ions,

An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) can result from the

A stimulus that results in a local potential that does not reach threshold is called a

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