Exam 8: Thought and Language

Newton has been studying English for about a month and keeps getting tripped up y irregular verbs, often saying runned instead of ran. Although technically incorrect, this shows that Newton has learned that the ____ =ed is a suffix that indicates past tense.

Which of the following is true about priming effects?

Language is based on basic sound units called ___________, which typically have no meaning by themselves.

The tendency to perceive and approach problems in certain ways is called __________.

When a writer or artist sits down to begin a new piece of work, the creator does not know what it will sound like when it is finished. This is a(n) _____.

Why is the relationship between satisficer/maximizer decision-making strategies and satisfaction surprising?

Brenda is worried about having her six-year-old daughter learn Spanish, because she fears that learning a second language will interfere with her daughter's mastery of English. What advice should you give Brenda?

Identify three specific nonhuman primates discussed in your textbook that researchers attempted to teach to use language. In each example, briefly describe the research and the results.

The concept of belief perseverance assumes that we are most likely to believe:

When people attempt to solve a problem involving numbers they may find themselves using another number called ____________ to keep their response within a limited range.

In the nine-dot problem discussed in your textbook, the rules do not specify that the lines cannot extend beyond the dots, however most people try to find a solution that follows this non-existent rule anyway. This is an example of:

According to the idea known as_________________, the vocabulary and grammar of the language you speak can affect the way you think about the world.

Kendra has been a professional chef for 20 years. Instead of following recipes step-by-step, she uses her experience to guide her cooking, adding a pinch of salt here, or a little extra oil there. Kendra's approach to cooking is an example of:

Explain the difference between algorithmic and heuristic approaches to solving problems. Then provide one algorithmic and one heuristic strategy for deciding how much paint you would need to paint your bedroom.

Agatha Harkness-Smythe is determined to ban guns in the United States. This is a controversial topic and social scientists have debated whether the ownership of guns by citizens increases or decreases crime. Agatha could go to the library and look up studies on the linkage between guns and crime rates. Instead, Agatha just reads the local newspaper and only cuts out articles about robberies in which the "bad guy" used a firearm. Agatha is demonstrating:

______________ is the study of nonlinguistic elements of language use.

The sounds t, th, and sh are ___________.

Why do young children appear to acquire language more easily than adults?

Which example would most people take longest to identify as a fruit (even though it technically is a fruit)?

When Howie's old girlfriend used to get upset with him, he could smooth things over by buying flowers or chocolates for her. He keeps trying this strategy with his current girlfriend, but she gets angry with him each time. It appears that Howie has developed _______________which is interfering with the development of a new relationship strategy.