Question 1

Systematic error is

Accepted Answer

A)  random error that is often associated with the independent variable 
B)  consistent error that is generally not associated with the independent variable 
C)  another name for error variance 
D)  generally more serious than error variance 
A)  random error that is often associated with the independent variable 
B)  consistent error that is generally not associated with the independent variable 
C)  another name for error variance 
D)  generally more serious than error variance B

Question 2

All independent variables have at least _______ levels

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 B

Question 3

Consider the following title of a research study: "The effect of physical distance on ratings of attraction." In this study the dependent variable is

Accepted Answer

A)  physical distances 
B)  ratings of attraction 
C)  actual attraction 
D)  not stated in the title 
A)  physical distances 
B)  ratings of attraction 
C)  actual attraction 
D)  not stated in the title B

Question 4

A researcher records the amount of light it takes to detect a small visual stimulus in a dark room. Luminance is the variable being measured and may be thought of here as physical energy. What level of measurement is most likely involved in making this observation?

Accepted Answer

A)  nominal 
B)  ordinal 
C)  interval 
D)  ratio 
A)  nominal 
B)  ordinal 
C)  interval 
D)  ratio

Question 5

Which one of the following is an example of a nominal level of measurement?

Accepted Answer

A)  reaction time of an adult male measured before and after drinking an ounce of alcohol 
B)  a high school senior's first, second, and third choice of colleges to attend 
C)  classification of psychiatric patients as either "neurotic" or "psychotic" 
D)  estimating the number of red blood cells in a laboratory sample 
A)  reaction time of an adult male measured before and after drinking an ounce of alcohol 
B)  a high school senior's first, second, and third choice of colleges to attend 
C)  classification of psychiatric patients as either "neurotic" or "psychotic" 
D)  estimating the number of red blood cells in a laboratory sample

Question 6

Criterion validity measures

Accepted Answer

A)  measures the theoretical concept it supposedly tests 
B)  measures the full range of behaviors represented by the concept 
C)  correlates with other valid tests of the same theoretical concept 
D)  All of the these are true 
A)  measures the theoretical concept it supposedly tests 
B)  measures the full range of behaviors represented by the concept 
C)  correlates with other valid tests of the same theoretical concept 
D)  All of the these are true

Question 7

A researcher measures the temperature of his laboratory room to the nearest degree, over a ten day period. He finds that the average is 68º Fahrenheit. In this example, temperature is a _____________ variable, and 68º represents the _________ limits of the measure.

Accepted Answer

A)  continuous variable, real limits 
B)  discrete variable, real limits 
C)  continuous variable, apparent limits 
D)  discrete variable, apparent limits 
A)  continuous variable, real limits 
B)  discrete variable, real limits 
C)  continuous variable, apparent limits 
D)  discrete variable, apparent limits

Question 8

Suppose you have performed a study that showed a strong positive correlation between shoe size and intelligence. Since you can't be sure about cause and effect in this relationship, shoe size would be called

Accepted Answer

A)  a subject variable 
B)  a dependent variable 
C)  an independent variable 
D)  a variable of interest 
A)  a subject variable 
B)  a dependent variable 
C)  an independent variable 
D)  a variable of interest

Question 9

At a day care center a researcher asks children to list their five favorite toys from most favorite to least favorite. What level of measurement is represented in this example?

Accepted Answer

A)  nominal 
B)  ordinal 
C)  interval 
D)  ratio 
A)  nominal 
B)  ordinal 
C)  interval 
D)  ratio

Question 10

You are interested in researching the effects of rewards on exercise. Determine how you would measure your dependent variable using at least four of the ways of measuring behavior.

Accepted Answer

There are several ways to measure the ef

Question 11

What variable or variables) might you use as a basis for your observations if you are interested in studying:
a. The relationship between the crime rate and unemployment in a certain city
b. Overcrowding in mental institutions
c. The relationship between smoking and health
d. Attitudes of U.S. citizens toward government-supported loans for higher education
e. The effect of rehearsal on memorization of foreign language words

Accepted Answer

a. The variable for studying the relatio

Question 12

Content validity concerns whether the test

Accepted Answer

A)  measures the theoretical concept it supposedly tests 
B)  measures the full range of behaviors represented by the concept 
C)  correlates with other valid tests 
D)  All of the these are true 
A)  measures the theoretical concept it supposedly tests 
B)  measures the full range of behaviors represented by the concept 
C)  correlates with other valid tests 
D)  All of the these are true

Question 13

Which one of the following statements does not contain both an independent and dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  The effects of physical distance on ratings of attraction 
B)  Children's defensive and aggressive behaviors in a school setting 
C)  Cooperation among nursery school children under two types of instruction 
D)  Sexually coercive behavior of college males as a function of masculinity and attitudes toward women's rights 
A)  The effects of physical distance on ratings of attraction 
B)  Children's defensive and aggressive behaviors in a school setting 
C)  Cooperation among nursery school children under two types of instruction 
D)  Sexually coercive behavior of college males as a function of masculinity and attitudes toward women's rights

Question 14

The extent to which scores on a test can be used to predict an individual's likely standing on some other test relates to

Accepted Answer

A)  face validity 
B)  content validity 
C)  criterion validity 
D)  construct validity 
A)  face validity 
B)  content validity 
C)  criterion validity 
D)  construct validity

Question 15

Consider the following research title: "Cooperation among nursery school children under two types of instruction." In this study the independent variable is

Accepted Answer

A)  cooperation 
B)  types of instruction 
C)  nursery school children 
D)  not stated in the title 
A)  cooperation 
B)  types of instruction 
C)  nursery school children 
D)  not stated in the title

Question 16

Variables are ____________ while theoretical constructs are________________

Accepted Answer

A)  Valid, Invalid 
B)  Tangible, Intangible 
C)  Quantitative, Qualitative 
D)  Continuous, Discrete 
A)  Valid, Invalid 
B)  Tangible, Intangible 
C)  Quantitative, Qualitative 
D)  Continuous, Discrete

Question 17

In within-subjects designs subject experiences all stimuli in one session) it is important

Accepted Answer

A)  not to have more than two or three stimuli 
B)  to present at least seven stimuli, if possible 
C)  to choose higher levels of the independent variable 
D)  to focus on lower levels of the independent variable 
A)  not to have more than two or three stimuli 
B)  to present at least seven stimuli, if possible 
C)  to choose higher levels of the independent variable 
D)  to focus on lower levels of the independent variable

Question 18

Random error refers to change in the measurement of a variable that can be attributed to

Accepted Answer

A)  confounding. 
B)  chance 
C)  systematic error 
D)  the amount of time between measurements 
A)  confounding. 
B)  chance 
C)  systematic error 
D)  the amount of time between measurements

Question 19

If test of leadership ability actually measures extraversion, then the test is low in

Accepted Answer

A)  Reliability 
B)  Construct validity 
C)  Progressive validity 
D)  Discrete validity 
A)  Reliability 
B)  Construct validity 
C)  Progressive validity 
D)  Discrete validity

Question 20

Which one of the following represents a continuous variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  noon temperature measured in Fahrenheit 
B)  number of freshmen college students enrolled in an introductory psychology course 
C)  number of shares traded on the New Stock Market on a given day 
D)  rankings of U. S. Army officers from lowest to highest 
A)  noon temperature measured in Fahrenheit 
B)  number of freshmen college students enrolled in an introductory psychology course 
C)  number of shares traded on the New Stock Market on a given day 
D)  rankings of U. S. Army officers from lowest to highest

Systematic error is

All independent variables have at least _______ levels

Consider the following title of a research study: "The effect of physical distance on ratings of attraction." In this study the dependent variable is

A researcher records the amount of light it takes to detect a small visual stimulus in a dark room. Luminance is the variable being measured and may be thought of here as physical energy. What level of measurement is most likely involved in making this observation?

Which one of the following is an example of a nominal level of measurement?

Criterion validity measures

A researcher measures the temperature of his laboratory room to the nearest degree, over a ten day period. He finds that the average is 68º Fahrenheit. In this example, temperature is a _____ variable, and 68º represents the _ limits of the measure.

Suppose you have performed a study that showed a strong positive correlation between shoe size and intelligence. Since you can't be sure about cause and effect in this relationship, shoe size would be called

At a day care center a researcher asks children to list their five favorite toys from most favorite to least favorite. What level of measurement is represented in this example?

You are interested in researching the effects of rewards on exercise. Determine how you would measure your dependent variable using at least four of the ways of measuring behavior.

Content validity concerns whether the test

Which one of the following statements does not contain both an independent and dependent variable?

The extent to which scores on a test can be used to predict an individual's likely standing on some other test relates to

Consider the following research title: "Cooperation among nursery school children under two types of instruction." In this study the independent variable is

Variables are while theoretical constructs are____

In within-subjects designs subject experiences all stimuli in one session) it is important

Random error refers to change in the measurement of a variable that can be attributed to

If test of leadership ability actually measures extraversion, then the test is low in

Which one of the following represents a continuous variable?

Psychology and Science

Developing a Research Question

Ethics in Research

Writing in Psychology

Validity

Control

Nonexperimental Research, Part I: Observational,

Nonexperimental Research, Part Ii

True Experiments, Part 1 Single-Factor Designs

True Experiments, Part 2 Factorial Designs

Single Subject Experiments

Quasi Experiments

Data Exploration, Part 1: Graphic and Descriptive Techniques

Data Exploration, Part 2: Inferential Statistics

Epilogue Biases and Limitations of Experimental Psychology

Filters

Exam 5: Variables

Systematic error is

All independent variables have at least _______ levels

Consider the following title of a research study: "The effect of physical distance on ratings of attraction." In this study the dependent variable is

A researcher records the amount of light it takes to detect a small visual stimulus in a dark room. Luminance is the variable being measured and may be thought of here as physical energy. What level of measurement is most likely involved in making this observation?

Which one of the following is an example of a nominal level of measurement?

Criterion validity measures

A researcher measures the temperature of his laboratory room to the nearest degree, over a ten day period. He finds that the average is 68º Fahrenheit. In this example, temperature is a _____________ variable, and 68º represents the _________ limits of the measure.

Suppose you have performed a study that showed a strong positive correlation between shoe size and intelligence. Since you can't be sure about cause and effect in this relationship, shoe size would be called

At a day care center a researcher asks children to list their five favorite toys from most favorite to least favorite. What level of measurement is represented in this example?

You are interested in researching the effects of rewards on exercise. Determine how you would measure your dependent variable using at least four of the ways of measuring behavior.

Content validity concerns whether the test

Which one of the following statements does not contain both an independent and dependent variable?

The extent to which scores on a test can be used to predict an individual's likely standing on some other test relates to

Consider the following research title: "Cooperation among nursery school children under two types of instruction." In this study the independent variable is

Variables are ____________ while theoretical constructs are________________

In within-subjects designs subject experiences all stimuli in one session) it is important

Random error refers to change in the measurement of a variable that can be attributed to

If test of leadership ability actually measures extraversion, then the test is low in

Which one of the following represents a continuous variable?

Psychology and Science

Developing a Research Question

Ethics in Research

Writing in Psychology

Validity

Control

Nonexperimental Research, Part I: Observational,

Nonexperimental Research, Part Ii

True Experiments, Part 1 Single-Factor Designs

True Experiments, Part 2 Factorial Designs

Single Subject Experiments

Quasi Experiments

Data Exploration, Part 1: Graphic and Descriptive Techniques

Data Exploration, Part 2: Inferential Statistics

Epilogue Biases and Limitations of Experimental Psychology

Filters

A researcher measures the temperature of his laboratory room to the nearest degree, over a ten day period. He finds that the average is 68º Fahrenheit. In this example, temperature is a _____ variable, and 68º represents the _ limits of the measure.

Variables are while theoretical constructs are____