Exam 3: Biological Foundations of Behaviour

During the final period of the championship hockey game,Tim is sliced across the ear by an opponent's skate.Despite the damage to his ear,Tim continues to play the game,and scores the winning goal.Tim's ability to continue playing the game despite the searing pain in his ear is likely a result of a massive release of which type of transmitter?

Agonists are drugs that can influence the activity of a neurotransmitter by doing one of the following EXCEPT:

The fact that young children typically have about 50 percent more synapses than adults do may best explain why:

The two ways in which neurotransmitters are deactivated in the synapse are chemical breakdown and reuptake.

Jason suffered from severe epilepsy and had his corpus callosum cut to keep the seizures from spreading to both hemispheres of his brain.This procedure inhibits:

Judith has noticed that her elderly husband is behaving differently lately.His movements have become uncoordinated,jerky,and clumsy,and he even has difficulty walking or getting up from a chair.These symptoms are most likely related to a tumour in the:

Surrounding neurons and holding them in place is one of the functions of ________________.

According to the text,the ability of neurons to change their structure and function is called:

The job of interneurons is to:

Julie was a concert pianist until she was in a serious skiing accident.As a result,she was no longer able to control the timing and coordination of her motor movements.She had sustained severe damage to her _________________.

Kyle is a successful trial attorney,particularly adept at his ability to verbally out manoeuvre his opponents in the courtroom.Last month Kyle was diagnosed with a degenerative brain disorder.Kyle now wonders how long he will be able to continue working because he is having trouble understanding what his clients are telling him.He hears the words;he is just unable to make sense of their meaning.Which area of the brain would doctors say is most likely involved in his disease?

An oversupply of dopamine,a neurotransmitter that can be excitatory or inhibitory,has been implicated in schizophrenia,and an undersupply of dopamine has been implicated in depression.

When Leslie was born,the doctor delivering her used forceps incorrectly.As a result,Leslie suffered a basal skull fracture and spent the first two weeks of her life in intensive care.Doctors told Leslie's parents that she would experience full recovery but that same fracture is often fatal in twenty year olds.The most likely reason for Leslie's recovery is that:

Unlike other areas of the brain,if electrodes placed in the ___________ cortex are electrically stimulated,they will not trigger any experiences or responses,but this area is still known to play a critical role in the highest mental functions,such as perception,thought,and language.

Though it was discussed in the context of the nervous system,the hypothalamus also plays an important role in the endocrine system because of its connection with the:

In the sensory cortex,the size of a given area of cortex is directly related to the ___________ of the body area it is mapping.

When a neuron is stimulated,tiny protein structures on the cell membrane are activated that pump specific ions back and forth,thus changing the overall potential of the neuron.These cell membranes are called _______________.

Research on emotion has found that positive emotions such as happiness tend to be located in the left hemisphere,while negative emotions such as anger and sadness are more associated with activity in the ___________.

Mark's father had triple bypass surgery a week ago and has been told by his doctors to reduce the stress in his life in general,and at least for the next several weeks try to maintain calmness around him.After opening a letter from school containing Mark's poor semester grades,his father does his biofeedback exercises in an effort to return his blood pressure to normal and his muscles back to relaxation.For this to work,a particular nervous system is working overtime.This is the ________________ nervous system.

The primary job of the amygdala is to: