Exam 1: Psychology: the Science of Behaviour

The origins of the behavioural perspective can be found in the 18^th century school of philosophy known as ________.

Researchers studying human memory have participants memorize lists of words.These researchers then record how many of the words the participants accurately remember after the passage of time and exposure to new information.When an eyewitness to a crime identifies an attacker in court,lawyers might illustrate the limits of memory by using this type of research:

The field of psychology tends to favour the use of direct observation over reasoning as a means of gaining knowledge about behaviour.

Bob is mildly depressed.Because of his generally negative attitude and hopelessness,Bob's friends,who typically enjoy his company,no longer want to spend time with him.The impact of Bob's depression on his friends is an example of:

Professor Jean Piaget is best known for his research in which area?

The specialty area in psychology that focuses on how the presence of other people influences an individual's behaviour,thoughts,and feelings is called:

Which psychological perspective views societal norms and group interactions as among some of the major causes of behaviour?

The psychological perspective that arose from the philosophical roots that emphasized free will,innate tendencies to work towards personal growth,and the attempt to find meaning in personal existence is called:

If you wanted to understand some of the important causes of depression and you paid attention to the negative thinking that often accompanies depression,you would be interpreting depression from which level of analysis?

Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener both believed that the mind could be studied by breaking it down into its essential components.The approach that Wundt and Titchener espoused was known as:

A researcher who is interested in discovering the common principles that influence human and animal is most likely associated with which psychological perspective?

Sandra has a promising career,dates interesting men,and she is quite content to remain single and child-free.Her family strongly supports her choices and celebrates her success as a professional.Her sister,who was married briefly and then experienced an unpleasant divorce,is open about her disdain for long-term commitment.We can make an effort to understand Sandra's behaviour using different levels of analysis.In this case,the influence of Sandra's family on her decision to stay single and child-free fits with the ______ level of analysis.

Behaviour genetics is the study of how evolution shaped modern human behaviour.

Cognitive neuroscience involves the intersection of the cognitive perspective with the biological perspective by combining brain- imaging techniques while individuals engage in cognitive tasks.

The behavioural psychological perspective is rooted in the work of structuralist Wilhelm Wundt.

One major theme in psychology emphasizes that our biological endowment and our personal experiences interact to influence how we behave.This is an example of:

Dr.Kohler is a developmental psychologist who studies children involved in sports.He looks at problems like overly critical coaches and children with low self-esteem.He conducts research where coaches are observed during games and children are interviewed about their attitudes towards their sport and their coaches.The results from these observations are then used to create an education program for the coaches.The programs are designed to change coaching behaviour and to help increase the self-esteem of the children they coach.Dr.Kohler's research is best described as:

The three levels of analysis for describing behaviour are biological,________,and environmental.

Two people are witnesses to a violent earthquake.One person is mildly upset by this event and copes well with it.The other person,who has a biological predisposition to anxiety,becomes very stressed after the event,has difficulty coping with it,and eventually gets ill.Because the effects of the earthquake differed,depending on whether the person had the predisposition of anxiety or not,this would be an example of an:

Structuralists were concerned with breaking human consciousness down into its essential components,whereas Gestalt psychologists were interested in how the elements of experience are organized into wholes.