Question 1

Regarding its role as a neurotransmitter in the CNS,norepinephrine

Accepted Answer

A)  is secreted by brain stem neurons in response to sensory stimulation. 
B)  amplifies weak sensory signals and dampens strong ones so that more information can reach conscious levels. 
C)  is important for maintaining directed attention. 
D)  both "is secreted by brain stem neurons in response to sensory stimulation" and "is important for maintaining directed attention" are correct. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  is secreted by brain stem neurons in response to sensory stimulation. 
B)  amplifies weak sensory signals and dampens strong ones so that more information can reach conscious levels. 
C)  is important for maintaining directed attention. 
D)  both "is secreted by brain stem neurons in response to sensory stimulation" and "is important for maintaining directed attention" are correct. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 2

Regarding schizophrenia,

Accepted Answer

A)  People with schizophrenia frequently have disorders of sensory awareness. 
B)  Treatment of schizophrenia may result in symptoms of Parkinson's disease. 
C)  Lithium carbonate is the most common drug prescribed for schizophrenia. 
D)  Both "people with schizophrenia frequently have disorders of sensory awareness" and "treatment of schizophrenia may result in symptoms of Parkinson's disease" are correct. 
E)  Both "treatment of schizophrenia may result in symptoms of Parkinson's disease" and "lithium carbonate is the most common drug prescribed for schizophrenia" are correct. 
A)  People with schizophrenia frequently have disorders of sensory awareness. 
B)  Treatment of schizophrenia may result in symptoms of Parkinson's disease. 
C)  Lithium carbonate is the most common drug prescribed for schizophrenia. 
D)  Both "people with schizophrenia frequently have disorders of sensory awareness" and "treatment of schizophrenia may result in symptoms of Parkinson's disease" are correct. 
E)  Both "treatment of schizophrenia may result in symptoms of Parkinson's disease" and "lithium carbonate is the most common drug prescribed for schizophrenia" are correct.

Question 3

Which of the descriptions is not descriptive of REM (Rapid Eye Movement)sleep?

Accepted Answer

A)  visible movements of the eyes resembling those of one tracking the movements of objects in space,watching TV,etc 
B)  difficulty arousing the sleeper 
C)  oxygen consumption decreases by comparison to NREM sleep and in an alert wakeful state 
D)  it represents 20-25% of a person's "sleep time" 
E)  skeletal muscle activity is markedly reduced,except for the extraocular and respiratory muscles 
A)  visible movements of the eyes resembling those of one tracking the movements of objects in space,watching TV,etc 
B)  difficulty arousing the sleeper 
C)  oxygen consumption decreases by comparison to NREM sleep and in an alert wakeful state 
D)  it represents 20-25% of a person's "sleep time" 
E)  skeletal muscle activity is markedly reduced,except for the extraocular and respiratory muscles

Question 4

Unlike long-term memory,working memory

Accepted Answer

A)  has unlimited capacity. 
B)  exists in the form of either graded or action potentials. 
C)  can be disrupted by drugs,electroconvulsive shock or a blow to the head. 
D)  Both "have unlimited capacity" and "exist in the form of either graded or action potentials" are correct. 
E)  Both "exist in the form of either graded or action potentials" and "can be disrupted by drugs,electroconvulsive shock,or a blow to the head" are correct. 
A)  has unlimited capacity. 
B)  exists in the form of either graded or action potentials. 
C)  can be disrupted by drugs,electroconvulsive shock or a blow to the head. 
D)  Both "have unlimited capacity" and "exist in the form of either graded or action potentials" are correct. 
E)  Both "exist in the form of either graded or action potentials" and "can be disrupted by drugs,electroconvulsive shock,or a blow to the head" are correct.

Question 5

Aversive motivation leads one to avoid repeating a behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

A high-amplitude,spike-wave EEG pattern is characteristic of someone in a coma.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

If you were to record your own EEG activity while concentrating very hard on this exam,the most prominent EEG pattern would be

Accepted Answer

A)  alpha rhythm. 
B)  beta rhythm. 
C)  delta rhythm. 
D)  theta rhythm. 
A)  alpha rhythm. 
B)  beta rhythm. 
C)  delta rhythm. 
D)  theta rhythm.

Question 8

Which of the following most accurately describes the state of consciousness known as REM sleep?

Accepted Answer

A) EEG tracings show large amplitude,low frequency waves; subject has very low muscle tone; if awakened will usually report dreaming 
B) EEG tracings show low amplitude,high frequency activity; subject has normal muscle tone; if awakened will usually report dreaming 
C) EEG tracings show low amplitude,high frequency activity; subject has very low muscle tone; if awakened will usually report dreaming 
D) EEG tracings show low amplitude,high frequency activity; subject has normal muscle tone; if awakened will not usually report dreaming 
E) EEG tracings show large amplitude,low frequency waves; subject has normal muscle tone; if awakened will usually report dreaming 
A) EEG tracings show large amplitude,low frequency waves; subject has very low muscle tone; if awakened will usually report dreaming 
B) EEG tracings show low amplitude,high frequency activity; subject has normal muscle tone; if awakened will usually report dreaming 
C) EEG tracings show low amplitude,high frequency activity; subject has very low muscle tone; if awakened will usually report dreaming 
D) EEG tracings show low amplitude,high frequency activity; subject has normal muscle tone; if awakened will not usually report dreaming 
E) EEG tracings show large amplitude,low frequency waves; subject has normal muscle tone; if awakened will usually report dreaming

Question 9

Dreaming occurs when one is in NREM sleep.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The EEG tracing of a relaxed individual who has closed eyes and is not concentrating on anything in particular is mainly an alpha rhythm.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

A brain stem nucleus that is strongly implicated in the mechanism for directed attention is the locus coeruleus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Of the following substances,which has the greatest potential to cause dependence if used regularly?

Accepted Answer

A)  nicotine 
B)  marijuana 
C)  alcohol 
D)  cocaine 
E)  heroin 
A)  nicotine 
B)  marijuana 
C)  alcohol 
D)  cocaine 
E)  heroin

Question 13

EEG with waves of high-amplitude and low frequency is descriptive of or occurs during

Accepted Answer

A)  slow-wave sleep. 
B)  paradoxical sleep. 
C)  both slow-wave sleep and paradoxical sleep. 
D)  neither slow-wave sleep nor paradoxical sleep. 
A)  slow-wave sleep. 
B)  paradoxical sleep. 
C)  both slow-wave sleep and paradoxical sleep. 
D)  neither slow-wave sleep nor paradoxical sleep.

Question 14

A laboratory rat has an electrode implanted in its brain.By pressing a metal bar in its cage,the animal can activate the electrode.Which of the following is most likely to be true?

Accepted Answer

A)  If the animal presses the bar repeatedly,then the electrode is probably in an area associated with appetitive motivation. 
B)  If the animal presses the bar once,then never touches it again,then the electrode is probably in an area associated with aversive motivation. 
C)  Such an experiment has no relevance to emotional states in humans or human behavior. 
D)  Both if the animal presses the bar repeatedly,then the electrode is probably in an area associated with appetitive motivation and if the animal presses the bar once,then never touches it again,then the electrode is probably in an area associated with aversive motivation are correct. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  If the animal presses the bar repeatedly,then the electrode is probably in an area associated with appetitive motivation. 
B)  If the animal presses the bar once,then never touches it again,then the electrode is probably in an area associated with aversive motivation. 
C)  Such an experiment has no relevance to emotional states in humans or human behavior. 
D)  Both if the animal presses the bar repeatedly,then the electrode is probably in an area associated with appetitive motivation and if the animal presses the bar once,then never touches it again,then the electrode is probably in an area associated with aversive motivation are correct. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 15

Which of the following is not descriptive of REM sleep?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is the period when dreaming occurs. 
B)  It normally occurs only once per night,usually just before waking up. 
C)  Postural muscles are virtually paralyzed during REM sleep. 
D)  EEG waves that resemble the awake state can be recorded during REM sleep. 
E)  Eyes move rapidly back and forth beneath closed lids. 
A)  It is the period when dreaming occurs. 
B)  It normally occurs only once per night,usually just before waking up. 
C)  Postural muscles are virtually paralyzed during REM sleep. 
D)  EEG waves that resemble the awake state can be recorded during REM sleep. 
E)  Eyes move rapidly back and forth beneath closed lids.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of declarative memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  recognition of a person's face and matching a name to it 
B)  remembering how to ride a bicycle 
C)  being able to recall a phone number for only a short period of time 
D)  being given a specific address and being able to recall it several days or weeks later 
E)  responding to the sight,smell,taste,or thought of one's favorite food with salivation and hunger pangs 
A)  recognition of a person's face and matching a name to it 
B)  remembering how to ride a bicycle 
C)  being able to recall a phone number for only a short period of time 
D)  being given a specific address and being able to recall it several days or weeks later 
E)  responding to the sight,smell,taste,or thought of one's favorite food with salivation and hunger pangs

Question 17

Primary motivated behavior is behavior that is based on changes or anticipated changes in the internal environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Regarding its role as a neurotransmitter in the CNS,norepinephrine

Regarding schizophrenia,

Which of the descriptions is not descriptive of REM (Rapid Eye Movement)sleep?

Unlike long-term memory,working memory

Aversive motivation leads one to avoid repeating a behavior.

A high-amplitude,spike-wave EEG pattern is characteristic of someone in a coma.

If you were to record your own EEG activity while concentrating very hard on this exam,the most prominent EEG pattern would be

Which of the following most accurately describes the state of consciousness known as REM sleep?

Dreaming occurs when one is in NREM sleep.

The EEG tracing of a relaxed individual who has closed eyes and is not concentrating on anything in particular is mainly an alpha rhythm.

A brain stem nucleus that is strongly implicated in the mechanism for directed attention is the locus coeruleus.

Of the following substances,which has the greatest potential to cause dependence if used regularly?

EEG with waves of high-amplitude and low frequency is descriptive of or occurs during

A laboratory rat has an electrode implanted in its brain.By pressing a metal bar in its cage,the animal can activate the electrode.Which of the following is most likely to be true?

Which of the following is not descriptive of REM sleep?

Which of the following is an example of declarative memory?

Primary motivated behavior is behavior that is based on changes or anticipated changes in the internal environment.

Homeostasis: a Framework for Human Physiology

Chemical Composition of the Body

Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolism

Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes

Control of Cells by Chemical Messengers

Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Muscle

Control of Body Movement

The Endocrine System

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

Reproduction

Defense Mechanisms of the Body

Medical Physiology: Integration Using Clinical Cases

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Exam 8: Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Regarding its role as a neurotransmitter in the CNS,norepinephrine

Regarding schizophrenia,

Which of the descriptions is not descriptive of REM (Rapid Eye Movement)sleep?

Unlike long-term memory,working memory

Aversive motivation leads one to avoid repeating a behavior.

A high-amplitude,spike-wave EEG pattern is characteristic of someone in a coma.

If you were to record your own EEG activity while concentrating very hard on this exam,the most prominent EEG pattern would be

Which of the following most accurately describes the state of consciousness known as REM sleep?

Dreaming occurs when one is in NREM sleep.

The EEG tracing of a relaxed individual who has closed eyes and is not concentrating on anything in particular is mainly an alpha rhythm.

A brain stem nucleus that is strongly implicated in the mechanism for directed attention is the locus coeruleus.

Of the following substances,which has the greatest potential to cause dependence if used regularly?

EEG with waves of high-amplitude and low frequency is descriptive of or occurs during

A laboratory rat has an electrode implanted in its brain.By pressing a metal bar in its cage,the animal can activate the electrode.Which of the following is most likely to be true?

Which of the following is not descriptive of REM sleep?

Which of the following is an example of declarative memory?

Primary motivated behavior is behavior that is based on changes or anticipated changes in the internal environment.

Homeostasis: a Framework for Human Physiology

Chemical Composition of the Body

Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolism

Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes

Control of Cells by Chemical Messengers

Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Muscle

Control of Body Movement

The Endocrine System

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

Reproduction

Defense Mechanisms of the Body

Medical Physiology: Integration Using Clinical Cases

Filters