Question 1

What is the best description of the efferent pathway of a reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

A) signals from the integrating center to receptors 
B) the route by which receptors send signals to effectors 
C) signaling pathway for receptors to influence the integrating center 
D) the route by which effector organs send signals to receptors 
E) the route by which signals from an integrating center reach effector organs 
A) signals from the integrating center to receptors 
B) the route by which receptors send signals to effectors 
C) signaling pathway for receptors to influence the integrating center 
D) the route by which effector organs send signals to receptors 
E) the route by which signals from an integrating center reach effector organs E

Question 2

Which best describes how the total body balance of any chemical substance is determined?

Accepted Answer

A) the rate the body produces the substance 
B) the rate the substance is secreted from the body 
C) the rate the substance is metabolized by the body 
D) the difference between the amount of substance lost from the body and the amount gained the body 
E) the amount produced by the body minus the amount metabolized by the body 
A) the rate the body produces the substance 
B) the rate the substance is secreted from the body 
C) the rate the substance is metabolized by the body 
D) the difference between the amount of substance lost from the body and the amount gained the body 
E) the amount produced by the body minus the amount metabolized by the body D

Question 3

Differentiation is necessary before a cell can exchange material with its environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

What term is used to describe the steady state value for any variable that the body attempts to maintain?

Accepted Answer

A) Set point 
B) Equilibrium potential 
C) Error signal 
D) Reflex arc 
E) Median value 
A) Set point 
B) Equilibrium potential 
C) Error signal 
D) Reflex arc 
E) Median value

Question 5

What is the location of the internal pacemaker that sets biological rhythms?

Accepted Answer

A) suprachiasmatic nucleus of the brain 
B) ventricles of the heart 
C) endocrine gland in the gonads 
D) photoreceptors of the eye 
E) the adrenal glands 
A) suprachiasmatic nucleus of the brain 
B) ventricles of the heart 
C) endocrine gland in the gonads 
D) photoreceptors of the eye 
E) the adrenal glands

Question 6

A person who is acclimated to a hot environment will begin to react physiologically to a decreased environmental temperature faster than a person who is not.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

What is the term for the developmental process that leads to specialized cell types?

Accepted Answer

A) genomics 
B) differentiation 
C) homeostasis 
D) positive feedback 
E) acclimatization 
A) genomics 
B) differentiation 
C) homeostasis 
D) positive feedback 
E) acclimatization

Question 8

After spending several days at a high altitude,where oxygen pressure is low,a person will begin to produce more red blood cells,which enhances the ability of blood to carry oxygen to the tissues.What term best describes this type of response?

Accepted Answer

A) developmental acclimatization 
B) positive feedback 
C) physiological acclimatization 
D) feedforward regulation 
E) evolution 
A) developmental acclimatization 
B) positive feedback 
C) physiological acclimatization 
D) feedforward regulation 
E) evolution

Question 9

_______________ regulation describes regulation of cellular activity by messengers from nearby cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______________ regulation describes regulation of cellular activity...

Question 10

A burn patient ingests 100 grams of protein per day and loses 110 grams of protein per day due to the injury.What is the overall protein state of the patient?

Accepted Answer

A) Positive protein balance 
B) Negative protein balance 
C) Stable protein balance 
D) A state that can't be determined 
A) Positive protein balance 
B) Negative protein balance 
C) Stable protein balance 
D) A state that can't be determined

Question 11

Which equation is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) extracellular fluid volume + interstitial fluid volume = whole body fluid volume 
B) intracellular fluid volume + interstitial fluid volume = extracellular fluid volume 
C) extracellular fluid volume - interstitial fluid volume = plasma volume 
D) plasma volume + intracellular fluid volume = extracellular fluid volume 
E) total body fluid volume - intracellular fluid volume = interstitial fluid volume 
A) extracellular fluid volume + interstitial fluid volume = whole body fluid volume 
B) intracellular fluid volume + interstitial fluid volume = extracellular fluid volume 
C) extracellular fluid volume - interstitial fluid volume = plasma volume 
D) plasma volume + intracellular fluid volume = extracellular fluid volume 
E) total body fluid volume - intracellular fluid volume = interstitial fluid volume

Question 12

The hormone insulin enhances the transport of glucose into body cells.Its secretion is controlled by a negative feedback system between the concentration of glucose in the blood and the cells that secrete insulin.Which of the following statements is most likely to be correct?

Accepted Answer

A) A decrease in blood glucose concentration will stimulate insulin secretion,which will in turn lower the blood glucose concentration still further 
B) An increase in blood glucose concentration will stimulate insulin secretion,which will in turn lower the blood glucose concentration 
C) A decrease in blood glucose concentration will stimulate insulin secretion,which will in turn increase the blood glucose concentration 
D) An increase in blood glucose concentration will stimulate insulin secretion,which will in turn increase the blood glucose concentration still further 
A) A decrease in blood glucose concentration will stimulate insulin secretion,which will in turn lower the blood glucose concentration still further 
B) An increase in blood glucose concentration will stimulate insulin secretion,which will in turn lower the blood glucose concentration 
C) A decrease in blood glucose concentration will stimulate insulin secretion,which will in turn increase the blood glucose concentration 
D) An increase in blood glucose concentration will stimulate insulin secretion,which will in turn increase the blood glucose concentration still further

Question 13

Homeostasis refers to the relative constancy of the external environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

What is the general purpose of positive feedback mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

A) to maintain a constant internal environment 
B) to anticipate changes in the environment 
C) to return a variable toward the set point 
D) to bring about a rapid change in the body 
E) to detect changes in the external environment 
A) to maintain a constant internal environment 
B) to anticipate changes in the environment 
C) to return a variable toward the set point 
D) to bring about a rapid change in the body 
E) to detect changes in the external environment

Question 15

What is the principal function performed by epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

A) fat storage 
B) anchoring body structures 
C) forming boundaries between body compartments 
D) generating movement 
E) transmitting electrical signals 
A) fat storage 
B) anchoring body structures 
C) forming boundaries between body compartments 
D) generating movement 
E) transmitting electrical signals

Question 16

The tall slender body shape that helps to dissipate heat in people native to equatorial regions is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) an adaptation. 
B) acclimatization. 
C) set point resetting. 
D) homeostasis. 
E) phase-shift. 
A) an adaptation. 
B) acclimatization. 
C) set point resetting. 
D) homeostasis. 
E) phase-shift.

Question 17

Which best describes the extracellular matrix?

Accepted Answer

A) It is found just inside the cell membrane in all tissues,it sends branching collagen fibers between cells to connect them,and it transmits chemical information from the interior of one cell to the interior of adjacent cells. 
B) It is a tissue having more than the four general cell types,it transports proteins and polysaccharides between body compartments,and it is the route by which chemical signals like hormones reach all parts of the body. 
C) It covers the body's surface,it contains connective and muscle tissue,and it helps generate movement. 
D) It surrounds cells,it contains proteins,polysaccharides and minerals,it provides a scaffold for cell attachment,and it transmits chemical messengers to cells. 
A) It is found just inside the cell membrane in all tissues,it sends branching collagen fibers between cells to connect them,and it transmits chemical information from the interior of one cell to the interior of adjacent cells. 
B) It is a tissue having more than the four general cell types,it transports proteins and polysaccharides between body compartments,and it is the route by which chemical signals like hormones reach all parts of the body. 
C) It covers the body's surface,it contains connective and muscle tissue,and it helps generate movement. 
D) It surrounds cells,it contains proteins,polysaccharides and minerals,it provides a scaffold for cell attachment,and it transmits chemical messengers to cells.

Question 18

Which one of the following is the correct sequence for a regulatory reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

A) Stimulus,effector,efferent pathway,integrating center,afferent pathway,receptor 
B) Stimulus,receptor,efferent pathway,integrating center,afferent pathway,effector 
C) Stimulus,receptor,afferent pathway,integrating center,efferent pathway,effector 
D) Stimulus,effector,afferent pathway,integrating center,efferent pathway,receptor 
E) Effector,efferent pathway,integrating center,afferent pathway,receptor,stimulus 
A) Stimulus,effector,efferent pathway,integrating center,afferent pathway,receptor 
B) Stimulus,receptor,efferent pathway,integrating center,afferent pathway,effector 
C) Stimulus,receptor,afferent pathway,integrating center,efferent pathway,effector 
D) Stimulus,effector,afferent pathway,integrating center,efferent pathway,receptor 
E) Effector,efferent pathway,integrating center,afferent pathway,receptor,stimulus

Question 19

How are endocrine glands and hormones involved in homeostatic reflexes?

Accepted Answer

A) Endocrine glands can be receptors,and hormones can be effectors. 
B) Endocrine glands can be integrators and hormones can be efferent pathways. 
C) Endocrine glands can be efferent pathways and hormones can be effectors 
D) Endocrine glands are not part of reflex mechanisms,but hormones can be afferent or efferent pathways 
E) They are not involved; reflexes only involve actions of the nervous system. 
A) Endocrine glands can be receptors,and hormones can be effectors. 
B) Endocrine glands can be integrators and hormones can be efferent pathways. 
C) Endocrine glands can be efferent pathways and hormones can be effectors 
D) Endocrine glands are not part of reflex mechanisms,but hormones can be afferent or efferent pathways 
E) They are not involved; reflexes only involve actions of the nervous system.

Question 20

One function of epithelial cells is to form selective barriers regulating exchange of materials across them.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

What is the best description of the efferent pathway of a reflex arc?

Which best describes how the total body balance of any chemical substance is determined?

Differentiation is necessary before a cell can exchange material with its environment.

What term is used to describe the steady state value for any variable that the body attempts to maintain?

What is the location of the internal pacemaker that sets biological rhythms?

A person who is acclimated to a hot environment will begin to react physiologically to a decreased environmental temperature faster than a person who is not.

What is the term for the developmental process that leads to specialized cell types?

After spending several days at a high altitude,where oxygen pressure is low,a person will begin to produce more red blood cells,which enhances the ability of blood to carry oxygen to the tissues.What term best describes this type of response?

_______________ regulation describes regulation of cellular activity by messengers from nearby cells.

A burn patient ingests 100 grams of protein per day and loses 110 grams of protein per day due to the injury.What is the overall protein state of the patient?

Which equation is most accurate?

The hormone insulin enhances the transport of glucose into body cells.Its secretion is controlled by a negative feedback system between the concentration of glucose in the blood and the cells that secrete insulin.Which of the following statements is most likely to be correct?

Homeostasis refers to the relative constancy of the external environment.

What is the general purpose of positive feedback mechanisms?

What is the principal function performed by epithelial cells?

The tall slender body shape that helps to dissipate heat in people native to equatorial regions is an example of

Which best describes the extracellular matrix?

Which one of the following is the correct sequence for a regulatory reflex arc?

How are endocrine glands and hormones involved in homeostatic reflexes?

One function of epithelial cells is to form selective barriers regulating exchange of materials across them.

Chemical Composition of the Body

Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolism

Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes

Control of Cells by Chemical Messengers

Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Muscle

Control of Body Movement

The Endocrine System

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

Reproduction

Defense Mechanisms of the Body

Medical Physiology: Integration Using Clinical Cases

Filters

Exam 1: Homeostasis: a Framework for Human Physiology

What is the best description of the efferent pathway of a reflex arc?

Which best describes how the total body balance of any chemical substance is determined?

Differentiation is necessary before a cell can exchange material with its environment.

What term is used to describe the steady state value for any variable that the body attempts to maintain?

What is the location of the internal pacemaker that sets biological rhythms?

A person who is acclimated to a hot environment will begin to react physiologically to a decreased environmental temperature faster than a person who is not.

What is the term for the developmental process that leads to specialized cell types?

After spending several days at a high altitude,where oxygen pressure is low,a person will begin to produce more red blood cells,which enhances the ability of blood to carry oxygen to the tissues.What term best describes this type of response?

_______________ regulation describes regulation of cellular activity by messengers from nearby cells.

A burn patient ingests 100 grams of protein per day and loses 110 grams of protein per day due to the injury.What is the overall protein state of the patient?

Which equation is most accurate?

The hormone insulin enhances the transport of glucose into body cells.Its secretion is controlled by a negative feedback system between the concentration of glucose in the blood and the cells that secrete insulin.Which of the following statements is most likely to be correct?

Homeostasis refers to the relative constancy of the external environment.

What is the general purpose of positive feedback mechanisms?

What is the principal function performed by epithelial cells?

The tall slender body shape that helps to dissipate heat in people native to equatorial regions is an example of

Which best describes the extracellular matrix?

Which one of the following is the correct sequence for a regulatory reflex arc?

How are endocrine glands and hormones involved in homeostatic reflexes?

One function of epithelial cells is to form selective barriers regulating exchange of materials across them.

Chemical Composition of the Body

Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolism

Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes

Control of Cells by Chemical Messengers

Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Muscle

Control of Body Movement

The Endocrine System

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

Reproduction

Defense Mechanisms of the Body

Medical Physiology: Integration Using Clinical Cases

Filters