Exam 2: Ethics

​The classic "obedience study" is believed to have been the first study in which the term ____ was used.

​Narrative 2-2 Brain Imaging ​ Katherine is a researcher studying the neurophysiology of schizophrenia.In order to do so,she compares fMRI imaging when individuals are on effective medication and when they have been off their medication long enough that it is no longer detectible in their blood. -Katherine recognizes that this may create more than minimal risk.In terms of the principles in the Belmont Report,she is concerned about ____.​

Research misconduct involving making up data or results and recording or reporting them is classified as ____.​

The term _______________ means that participation should be based on fairness and not on circumstances that give researchers access to or control of a population based on status.​

​At smaller universities,Institutional Review Boards typically review research using both humans and animals.

During the study,participants will stay at a research hospital and be unable to work at their usual jobs,will be aware from friends and families,and have other restrictions on their activities.As a result,Katherine is going to pay her participants.In terms of the principles in the Belmont Report,Katherine's decision about how much to pay participants is most related to ____.​

In research,_______________ means protection of personal information about participants.​

​According to the Office of Research Integrity,_______________ involves making up data or results and recording or reporting them.

Carlos wants to make sure that any information from participant surveys is not shared with the shelter's administration to avoid potential consequences.This issue relates most strongly to ____.​

Current standards do not require that participants in clinical trials be told that they might receive a placebo​

FDA inspector Frances Kelsey refused to approve an application with what she viewed as insufficient safety data,even under pressure from her superiors,and thus,prevented the Thalidomide tragedy from occurring in the United States.​

The principle of ____ means that researchers should attempt to maximize the benefits of participation and take steps to identify and limit the potential for harm.​

The _______________ involved poor African American sharecroppers with a potentially fatal sexually transmitted infection who were not treated for the infection even after a cure was available.​

Carlos decides to focus on individuals who are at high risk of becoming homeless,specifically,individuals with severe,persistent mental illness who are being released from state hospitals.He is aware that many of his potential research participants have low literacy levels and takes this into consideration when preparing his informed consent materials.In terms of the Belmont Report's conceptualization of informed consent,Carlos is addressing ____.​

The phrase "_______________" means that the risk of harm is not greater than that experienced in everyday life situations such as typical academic or medical examinations.​

The principle of ____ means that people are to be treated as independent and autonomous individuals.​

In the United States,the Department of Health and Human Services has placed responsibility for managing conflicts of interest on investigators,IRBs,and institutions​

Although the rules surrounding the testing and approval of new drugs were indented to protect the public,these rules can also limit the access to drugs by people who are desperately ill.As a result of demands by ____ activists,the FDA eventually developed an expedited review process as well as a program to expand access to promising drugs.​

The 10 principles that were developed as a frame of reference for judging the conduct of Nazi physicians accused of atrocities became the ____.​

​Narrative 2-2 Brain Imaging ​ Katherine is a researcher studying the neurophysiology of schizophrenia.In order to do so,she compares fMRI imaging when individuals are on effective medication and when they have been off their medication long enough that it is no longer detectible in their blood. -​Katherine is aware that some potential participants may have cognitive impairments and she considers excluding them solely on that basis.At the same time,she is aware that participants may,themselves,benefit from participating in the study,since they will live in at research hospital during the study and will have access to numerous resources while hospitalized.If Katherine decides to exclude persons with cognitive impairments,she is also denying these individuals access to other services,and this bothers her.In terms of the principles in the Belmont Report,she is struggling with issues related to ____.