Question 1

The term for group qualities that promote liking between members and bind members together is

Accepted Answer

A) group cohesiveness. 
B) social roles. 
C) relation-oriented leadership. 
D) group norms. 
E) social facilitation. 
A) group cohesiveness. 
B) social roles. 
C) relation-oriented leadership. 
D) group norms. 
E) social facilitation.

Question 2

Consider the proverb,"Many hands make light work." This proverb is most closely related to the social-psychological concept of

Accepted Answer

A) disjunctive tasks. 
B) social loafing. 
C) roles. 
D) deindividuation. 
E) social facilitation 
A) disjunctive tasks. 
B) social loafing. 
C) roles. 
D) deindividuation. 
E) social facilitation

Question 3

The phenomenon of groupthink is most likely to occur when a group is under stress,highly _______,and when the leader is very _______.

Accepted Answer

A) diplomatic; cohesive. 
B) cohesive; directive. 
C) motivated; relationship-oriented. 
D) cohesive; diplomatic. 
E) motivated; feared. 
A) diplomatic; cohesive. 
B) cohesive; directive. 
C) motivated; relationship-oriented. 
D) cohesive; diplomatic. 
E) motivated; feared.

Question 4

Two different interpretations have been proposed to explain group polarization.The persuasive arguments interpretation is to _______ as the social comparison interpretation is to _______.

Accepted Answer

A) groupthink; adaptive decision-making. 
B) task-oriented leader; relationship-oriented leader. 
C) risky shift; conservative shift. 
D) being right; being liked. 
E) relationship-oriented leader; task-oriented leader. 
A) groupthink; adaptive decision-making. 
B) task-oriented leader; relationship-oriented leader. 
C) risky shift; conservative shift. 
D) being right; being liked. 
E) relationship-oriented leader; task-oriented leader.

Question 5

Integrative solutions are

Accepted Answer

A) rarely achievable. 
B) frequently imposed by mediators. 
C) a means to find outcomes favourable to both parties. 
D) common to zero-sum conflicts. 
E) generally resisted by both parties. 
A) rarely achievable. 
B) frequently imposed by mediators. 
C) a means to find outcomes favourable to both parties. 
D) common to zero-sum conflicts. 
E) generally resisted by both parties.

Question 6

Philip Zimbardo and his colleagues established a mock prison in the basement of the psychology building at Stanford University.How did they decide which participants would assume the role of "prisoner" and which would assume the role of "guard"?

Accepted Answer

A) People were assigned at random to each role. 
B) Aggressive people tended to volunteer for the role of guard. 
C) The experimenters used personality tests to assign participants to roles. 
D) Participants who had spent time in jail refused to be prisoners. 
E) Because of safety concerns,aggressive people were assigned to the role of prisoner. 
A) People were assigned at random to each role. 
B) Aggressive people tended to volunteer for the role of guard. 
C) The experimenters used personality tests to assign participants to roles. 
D) Participants who had spent time in jail refused to be prisoners. 
E) Because of safety concerns,aggressive people were assigned to the role of prisoner.

Question 7

Nan had pretty much made up her mind before a group discussion.During the discussion,however,she thinks to herself,"I think I'll hang back and see how the others feel about it.I don't want them to think I'm nuts or anything." Nan's thoughts best reflect the _______ interpretation of group polarization.

Accepted Answer

A) social loafing 
B) social comparison 
C) persuasive arguments 
D) deviance avoidance 
E) accuracy motive 
A) social loafing 
B) social comparison 
C) persuasive arguments 
D) deviance avoidance 
E) accuracy motive

Question 8

Group discussion often pushes people's initial individual decisions to the extreme,yielding group polarization.According to the persuasive arguments interpretation,this is because

Accepted Answer

A) individuals work to maintain the self-esteem of the rest of the group members. 
B) others bring up perspectives or issues that the individual hadn't considered. 
C) individuals bolster their initial beliefs when they make their case to others. 
D) individuals are motivated to be accepted by other members of the group. 
E) individuals work to reduce the dissonance aroused when other people disagree with them. 
A) individuals work to maintain the self-esteem of the rest of the group members. 
B) others bring up perspectives or issues that the individual hadn't considered. 
C) individuals bolster their initial beliefs when they make their case to others. 
D) individuals are motivated to be accepted by other members of the group. 
E) individuals work to reduce the dissonance aroused when other people disagree with them.

Question 9

Compared to individuals deciding alone,members of groups tend to make decisions that are

Accepted Answer

A) less stable. 
B) more extreme. 
C) riskier. 
D) more accurate. 
E) more conservative. 
A) less stable. 
B) more extreme. 
C) riskier. 
D) more accurate. 
E) more conservative.

Question 10

Assume that you are playing pool at the student union when James Michaels and three of his colleagues (1982)surround the table to watch you play.If you are _______ player,you would play _______ because of the arousing effects of their presence.

Accepted Answer

A) a poor; better than you have in the past 
B) a mediocre; better than before 
C) an excellent; about the same 
D) an excellent; worse than usual 
E) an excellent; better than before 
A) a poor; better than you have in the past 
B) a mediocre; better than before 
C) an excellent; about the same 
D) an excellent; worse than usual 
E) an excellent; better than before

Question 11

Josh is the president of his college residence hall and he is therefore expected to act in a respectable,dignified manner when he attends campus functions.What social psychological phenomenon does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A) a loss of personal identity 
B) expectation consistency pressure 
C) conformity 
D) a social role 
E) a group representativeness assumption 
A) a loss of personal identity 
B) expectation consistency pressure 
C) conformity 
D) a social role 
E) a group representativeness assumption

Question 12

What is group polarization? Make sure to describe the cognitive and motivational factors that contribute to group polarization.

Accepted Answer

Group polarization is the tendency of gr

Question 13

According to the authors of your text,women in leadership positions are in a double bind.If they conform to social expectations about how to behave and are warm and communal,they may be seen as having low leadership potential,then,when they are given the opportunity to lead and they ______________,they are perceived negatively.

Accepted Answer

A) turn it down to raise their children 
B) beat men for managerial positions 
C) act in agentic,assertive ways 
D) have at least a bachelor's degree 
E) fail to be transformational 
A) turn it down to raise their children 
B) beat men for managerial positions 
C) act in agentic,assertive ways 
D) have at least a bachelor's degree 
E) fail to be transformational

Question 14

Normative conformity pressures can impair performance of a group in a problem-solving task because

Accepted Answer

A) only shared information is discussed. 
B) social loafing is encouraged. 
C) the weakest members of the group generally attempt to contribute the most. 
D) such conformity interferes with risk-taking tendencies. 
E) expert members are discouraged from disagreeing with others. 
A) only shared information is discussed. 
B) social loafing is encouraged. 
C) the weakest members of the group generally attempt to contribute the most. 
D) such conformity interferes with risk-taking tendencies. 
E) expert members are discouraged from disagreeing with others.

Question 15

A conflict in which the most beneficial action for an individual,if chosen by most people,has harmful effects on everyone is called

Accepted Answer

A) tit-for-tat strategy. 
B) the commons dilemma. 
C) forced choice. 
D) a social dilemma. 
E) an integrative solution. 
A) tit-for-tat strategy. 
B) the commons dilemma. 
C) forced choice. 
D) a social dilemma. 
E) an integrative solution.

Question 16

Marsha has been promoted to the supervisor position in her company.She has had a good working relationship with her subordinates,they all highly respect her,and the goals for her team have been clearly defined by the company.In order to be an effective leader in this situation,Marsha should focus on

Accepted Answer

A) maintaining close interpersonal ties with her subordinates. 
B) the accomplishment of the team's assigned tasks. 
C) maintaining group solidarity. 
D) casting the team accomplishments as personal victories. 
E) cultivating certain key characteristics,such as self-confidence. 
A) maintaining close interpersonal ties with her subordinates. 
B) the accomplishment of the team's assigned tasks. 
C) maintaining group solidarity. 
D) casting the team accomplishments as personal victories. 
E) cultivating certain key characteristics,such as self-confidence.

Question 17

The more cohesive a group is,the more likely it is to

Accepted Answer

A) retain members,involve members,and recruit similar members. 
B) constrain members,lead members,and recruit similar members. 
C) involve members,polarize members,and lead members. 
D) evaluate members,reject members,and pressure members. 
E) pressure members,organize members,and rejects leadership. 
A) retain members,involve members,and recruit similar members. 
B) constrain members,lead members,and recruit similar members. 
C) involve members,polarize members,and lead members. 
D) evaluate members,reject members,and pressure members. 
E) pressure members,organize members,and rejects leadership.

Question 18

Which of the following has NOT been identified as a common characteristic of leaders,according to research presented in the text?

Accepted Answer

A) Leaders tend to be more intelligent than non-leaders. 
B) Leaders tend to be more socially-skilled than non-leaders. 
C) Leaders tend to be more adaptive than non-leaders. 
D) Leaders tend to be more ruthless than non-leaders. 
E) Leaders tend to be more flexible than non-leaders. 
A) Leaders tend to be more intelligent than non-leaders. 
B) Leaders tend to be more socially-skilled than non-leaders. 
C) Leaders tend to be more adaptive than non-leaders. 
D) Leaders tend to be more ruthless than non-leaders. 
E) Leaders tend to be more flexible than non-leaders.

Question 19

If you wanted to determine whether evaluation apprehension or simple arousal accounts for social facilitation in humans,which of the following studies would you conduct?

Accepted Answer

A) Loiter in a health club locker room,either with or without dark glasses,a white cane,and a seeing-eye dog,(or else hide in a locker); measure how long it takes people to dress after a shower. 
B) Ask people to solve easy or difficult crossword puzzles,either alone or with their friends; measure how long it takes them to solve the puzzles. 
C) Conduct either a complicated or simple survey,by phone or in person; measure how long it takes people to answer the questions. 
D) Ask people to participate in an archery exercise,either with friends or with strangers; count the number of bull's-eyes they make. 
E) Ask people how they feel in a crowded classroom before a difficult exam. 
A) Loiter in a health club locker room,either with or without dark glasses,a white cane,and a seeing-eye dog,(or else hide in a locker); measure how long it takes people to dress after a shower. 
B) Ask people to solve easy or difficult crossword puzzles,either alone or with their friends; measure how long it takes them to solve the puzzles. 
C) Conduct either a complicated or simple survey,by phone or in person; measure how long it takes people to answer the questions. 
D) Ask people to participate in an archery exercise,either with friends or with strangers; count the number of bull's-eyes they make. 
E) Ask people how they feel in a crowded classroom before a difficult exam.

Question 20

Ellen and Gene had a disagreement before an important meeting and carried their argument into the meeting.They wouldn't listen to one another and were highly critical of each other's contributions.This example best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A) affective spillover. 
B) intragroup conflict 
C) disjunctive styles. 
D) antagonistic task performance. 
E) process loss. 
A) affective spillover. 
B) intragroup conflict 
C) disjunctive styles. 
D) antagonistic task performance. 
E) process loss.

The term for group qualities that promote liking between members and bind members together is

Consider the proverb,"Many hands make light work." This proverb is most closely related to the social-psychological concept of

The phenomenon of groupthink is most likely to occur when a group is under stress,highly _,and when the leader is very _.

Two different interpretations have been proposed to explain group polarization.The persuasive arguments interpretation is to _ as the social comparison interpretation is to _.

Integrative solutions are

Philip Zimbardo and his colleagues established a mock prison in the basement of the psychology building at Stanford University.How did they decide which participants would assume the role of "prisoner" and which would assume the role of "guard"?

Group discussion often pushes people's initial individual decisions to the extreme,yielding group polarization.According to the persuasive arguments interpretation,this is because

Compared to individuals deciding alone,members of groups tend to make decisions that are

Assume that you are playing pool at the student union when James Michaels and three of his colleagues (1982)surround the table to watch you play.If you are _ player,you would play _ because of the arousing effects of their presence.

Josh is the president of his college residence hall and he is therefore expected to act in a respectable,dignified manner when he attends campus functions.What social psychological phenomenon does this illustrate?

What is group polarization? Make sure to describe the cognitive and motivational factors that contribute to group polarization.

Normative conformity pressures can impair performance of a group in a problem-solving task because

A conflict in which the most beneficial action for an individual,if chosen by most people,has harmful effects on everyone is called

Marsha has been promoted to the supervisor position in her company.She has had a good working relationship with her subordinates,they all highly respect her,and the goals for her team have been clearly defined by the company.In order to be an effective leader in this situation,Marsha should focus on

The more cohesive a group is,the more likely it is to

Which of the following has NOT been identified as a common characteristic of leaders,according to research presented in the text?

If you wanted to determine whether evaluation apprehension or simple arousal accounts for social facilitation in humans,which of the following studies would you conduct?

Ellen and Gene had a disagreement before an important meeting and carried their argument into the meeting.They wouldn't listen to one another and were highly critical of each other's contributions.This example best illustrates

Introduction to Social Psychology

Methodology

Social Cognition

Social Perception

The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Attitudes and Attitude Change

Conformity

Interpersonal Attraction

Prosocial Behaviour

Aggression

Prejudice

The Intersection of Social Psychology and Environmental Issues

Exploring the Concept of Stress: Factors, Correlations, and Implications for Health

Eyewitness Testimony and the Legal System

Filters

Exam 8: Group Processes

The term for group qualities that promote liking between members and bind members together is

Consider the proverb,"Many hands make light work." This proverb is most closely related to the social-psychological concept of

The phenomenon of groupthink is most likely to occur when a group is under stress,highly _______,and when the leader is very _______.

Two different interpretations have been proposed to explain group polarization.The persuasive arguments interpretation is to _______ as the social comparison interpretation is to _______.

Integrative solutions are

Philip Zimbardo and his colleagues established a mock prison in the basement of the psychology building at Stanford University.How did they decide which participants would assume the role of "prisoner" and which would assume the role of "guard"?

Group discussion often pushes people's initial individual decisions to the extreme,yielding group polarization.According to the persuasive arguments interpretation,this is because

Compared to individuals deciding alone,members of groups tend to make decisions that are

Assume that you are playing pool at the student union when James Michaels and three of his colleagues (1982)surround the table to watch you play.If you are _______ player,you would play _______ because of the arousing effects of their presence.

Josh is the president of his college residence hall and he is therefore expected to act in a respectable,dignified manner when he attends campus functions.What social psychological phenomenon does this illustrate?

What is group polarization? Make sure to describe the cognitive and motivational factors that contribute to group polarization.

Normative conformity pressures can impair performance of a group in a problem-solving task because

A conflict in which the most beneficial action for an individual,if chosen by most people,has harmful effects on everyone is called

The more cohesive a group is,the more likely it is to

Which of the following has NOT been identified as a common characteristic of leaders,according to research presented in the text?

If you wanted to determine whether evaluation apprehension or simple arousal accounts for social facilitation in humans,which of the following studies would you conduct?

Ellen and Gene had a disagreement before an important meeting and carried their argument into the meeting.They wouldn't listen to one another and were highly critical of each other's contributions.This example best illustrates

Introduction to Social Psychology

Methodology

Social Cognition

Social Perception

The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Attitudes and Attitude Change

Conformity

Interpersonal Attraction

Prosocial Behaviour

Aggression

Prejudice

The Intersection of Social Psychology and Environmental Issues

Exploring the Concept of Stress: Factors, Correlations, and Implications for Health

Eyewitness Testimony and the Legal System

Filters

The phenomenon of groupthink is most likely to occur when a group is under stress,highly _,and when the leader is very _.

Two different interpretations have been proposed to explain group polarization.The persuasive arguments interpretation is to _ as the social comparison interpretation is to _.

Assume that you are playing pool at the student union when James Michaels and three of his colleagues (1982)surround the table to watch you play.If you are _ player,you would play _ because of the arousing effects of their presence.