Exam 8: Group Processes

Joe has just read chapter 8 on group processes and is now relaxing,watching football with his girlfriend.She finally understands the concept of "downs" and "turnovers," and moves on to other questions."If football is a team sport,how come they have the players' names on their uniforms?" she asks Joe.Assuming that the material in chapter 8 is still accessible in his memory,Joe is most likely to reply,

_______ refers to the loosening of normal behavioural constraints when people are in a crowd,leading to increases in impulsive and deviant acts.

The Prisoner's Dilemma game is an excellent vehicle for studying social conflicts in the laboratory because

When Jeffrey Jackson and Kip Williams (1985)had participants solve either simple or difficult mazes,those who believed that their scores would be averaged with another person's performed better on difficult mazes than on simple mazes.These finding suggest that social loafing

Both social facilitation and social loafing are manifestations of the influence that the presence of others have on our behaviours.These phenomena differ,however,in that presence of others _______ in social facilitation situations and _______ in social loafing situations.

In groups,interdependence is reflected in

All other things being equal,_______ from _______ cultures would be most likely to engage in social loafing.

During a psychology experiment,Chad and Wilma are asked to compete in the Prisoner's Dilemma game.As shown below,Wilma goes first,and after four rounds,the results are as follows: Wilma: cooperate defect defect cooperate Chad: defect defect cooperate cooperate As revealed in the pattern of responses above,Wilma is probably using a _______ strategy.

One advantage of social roles is that they make individuals' rights and responsibilities clear for group members.One disadvantage of such roles,however,is that they

In order to avoid the phenomenon of groupthink,the leader of a group should

Robert Zajonc (1965)wrote an influential article in which he posited a theoretical explanation for the social facilitation effect.Elegantly simple,this explanation included what two steps?

__________ leaders set clear,short-term goals and reward followers who meet them; __________ leaders inspire followers to focus on common long-term goals.

Shared group expectations about how particular group members are expected to behave are called

When participants in the Trucking Game were allowed to communicate with one another (Deutsch & Krauss,1962),such communication seldom ensured cooperation.Why?

Proponents of the _______ theory of leadership assume that certain key personality traits (e.g.,decisiveness,intelligence,compassion)make someone a good leader.

When social psychologists define a group as a collection of interdependent people,they mean that

Which of the following is the important lesson to be learned from Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment in which university students played the roles of guards and prisoners.

Compare the great person theory of leadership with Fred Fiedler's (1967,1978)contingency theory of leadership.With which theory would a social psychologist be most likely to agree?

Integrative solutions to conflict are most likely to be reached when

Which of the following statements is true about groupthink?