Question 1

Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning the function of group membership?

Accepted Answer

A) Bonding in groups conveys an evolutionary advantage. 
B) Groups convey behavioural expectations through social roles. 
C) Groups can motivate people to be involved in social change. 
D) Groups can define social identity and influence future aspirations. 
E) Groups improve task performance and productivity. 
A) Bonding in groups conveys an evolutionary advantage. 
B) Groups convey behavioural expectations through social roles. 
C) Groups can motivate people to be involved in social change. 
D) Groups can define social identity and influence future aspirations. 
E) Groups improve task performance and productivity.

Question 2

At first blush,it would appear that integrative solutions (in which each side in a conflict agrees to cede something to the other)would be relatively easy to achieve.However,Leigh Thompson (1995)has discovered that these kinds of solutions are difficult to achieve because

Accepted Answer

A) rarely does one adversary want what the other adversary offers to give up. 
B) when involved parties negotiate,they often tend to be too trustworthy and can end up feeling cheated. 
C) when involved parties negotiate,they often wield threats. 
D) involved parties are bad at discovering their adversaries' true interests,so mistrust them. 
E) adversaries would rather experience a stalemate than cede a point to their opponents. 
A) rarely does one adversary want what the other adversary offers to give up. 
B) when involved parties negotiate,they often tend to be too trustworthy and can end up feeling cheated. 
C) when involved parties negotiate,they often wield threats. 
D) involved parties are bad at discovering their adversaries' true interests,so mistrust them. 
E) adversaries would rather experience a stalemate than cede a point to their opponents.

Question 3

Steven Karau and Kipling Williams (1993)reviewed more than 150 studies on social loafing and found that the tendency to loaf is stronger in men than in women.Why is this true,according to the authors of your text?

Accepted Answer

A) Men typically occupy positions of higher status than women. 
B) Women's tasks are typically more complex than typical male tasks. 
C) Women are more collectivistic and men are more individualistic. 
D) Men have more power than women and can therefore induce women to do more work. 
E) Women tend to feel more self-conscious in group. 
A) Men typically occupy positions of higher status than women. 
B) Women's tasks are typically more complex than typical male tasks. 
C) Women are more collectivistic and men are more individualistic. 
D) Men have more power than women and can therefore induce women to do more work. 
E) Women tend to feel more self-conscious in group.

Question 4

_______ is a form of communication between adversaries,wherein parties make offers and counteroffers until a solution acceptable to both parties is reached.

Accepted Answer

A) Conflict resolution 
B) An integrative approach 
C) Negotiation 
D) Conflict management 
E) Haggling 
A) Conflict resolution 
B) An integrative approach 
C) Negotiation 
D) Conflict management 
E) Haggling

Question 5

Which of the following individuals is most likely to engage in social loafing?

Accepted Answer

A) Phoebe,who works with her classmates on a difficult assignment 
B) Troy,who has to write the forward of a novel he did not write 
C) Tim,who washes a car with his friends 
D) Danny,who struggles alone with a difficult calculus problem 
E) Amanda,who sits alone in her office,licking stamps and placing them on envelopes 
A) Phoebe,who works with her classmates on a difficult assignment 
B) Troy,who has to write the forward of a novel he did not write 
C) Tim,who washes a car with his friends 
D) Danny,who struggles alone with a difficult calculus problem 
E) Amanda,who sits alone in her office,licking stamps and placing them on envelopes

Question 6

The resident assistant of a campus residence hall notices that when a team of five students is assigned to bathroom duty,the bathrooms are not as well cleaned as when only one student is assigned to clean them.What phenomenon does this example illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A) social facilitation 
B) group decline 
C) social inhibition 
D) social loafing 
E) a minimal group paradigm 
A) social facilitation 
B) group decline 
C) social inhibition 
D) social loafing 
E) a minimal group paradigm

Question 7

According to a social comparison interpretation,group polarization tends to occur because individuals can present themselves in a more _______ light by taking slightly more _______ positions than the norm of the group.

Accepted Answer

A) positive; extreme 
B) positive; conservative 
C) positive; cautious 
D) negative; extreme 
E) negative; risky 
A) positive; extreme 
B) positive; conservative 
C) positive; cautious 
D) negative; extreme 
E) negative; risky

Question 8

A number of social psychologists have speculated on why the presence of others should lead to arousal.They have developed three explanatory theories.One is that arousal increases vigilance.Another is that arousal is distracting.Third,arousal

Accepted Answer

A) increases self-awareness. 
B) makes us socially apprehensive. 
C) makes us anxious. 
D) decreases response latencies. 
E) releases stress hormones. 
A) increases self-awareness. 
B) makes us socially apprehensive. 
C) makes us anxious. 
D) decreases response latencies. 
E) releases stress hormones.

Question 9

From what you know of social loafing,if subjects were asked to solve either simple or complex computer mazes,and were told either that their individual performances would be evaluated,or that their scores would be averaged with other participants' scores.When participants thought their scores would be averaged with another's,their performance would be expected to be _______ because they _______.

Accepted Answer

A) better on difficult mazes; were more motivated. 
B) better on difficult mazes; were relaxed. 
C) better on simple mazes; were relaxed. 
D) worse on simple tasks; were aroused. 
E) better on difficult mazes; were aroused. 
A) better on difficult mazes; were more motivated. 
B) better on difficult mazes; were relaxed. 
C) better on simple mazes; were relaxed. 
D) worse on simple tasks; were aroused. 
E) better on difficult mazes; were aroused.

Question 10

According to former Canadian Prime Minister Kim Campbell,women seeking leadership roles may find themselves in a lose-lose situation.Explain.

Accepted Answer

If women conform to society's expectatio

Question 11

Robert Zajonc and his colleagues (1969)employed the lowly cockroach in their studies of social facilitation.In the presence of other cockroaches,roaches would run faster down a straight-away to escape a bright light than they would alone,but took longer in the presence of a cockroach audience when the escape route was more complicated (i.e.,when they had to run a maze).These findings support the idea that

Accepted Answer

A) the presence of other members of a species improves performance on a well-learned response. 
B) cockroaches differ from humans in their response to other members of their species. 
C) the presence of other members of a species impedes performance on a well-learned response. 
D) cockroaches respond better than humans in the presence of other members of their species. 
E) members of even the most lowly species experience evaluation apprehension. 
A) the presence of other members of a species improves performance on a well-learned response. 
B) cockroaches differ from humans in their response to other members of their species. 
C) the presence of other members of a species impedes performance on a well-learned response. 
D) cockroaches respond better than humans in the presence of other members of their species. 
E) members of even the most lowly species experience evaluation apprehension.

Question 12

_______ refers to the tendency of people to perform better on simple tasks and worse on complex tasks when others are present.

Accepted Answer

A) Contagion performance 
B) Social loafing 
C) Social facilitation 
D) Deindividuation 
E) Contingent performance 
A) Contagion performance 
B) Social loafing 
C) Social facilitation 
D) Deindividuation 
E) Contingent performance

Question 13

In order to predict whether the presence of others will help or hinder performance,one needs two pieces of information,whether _______ and whether _______.

Accepted Answer

A) individual performance can be evaluated; arousal is high or low. 
B) group performance can be evaluated; the group has a strong leader. 
C) arousal is present; one holds individualistic or collectivist values. 
D) individual performance can be evaluated; the task is simple or complex. 
E) arousal is high or low; the others are friends or strangers. 
A) individual performance can be evaluated; arousal is high or low. 
B) group performance can be evaluated; the group has a strong leader. 
C) arousal is present; one holds individualistic or collectivist values. 
D) individual performance can be evaluated; the task is simple or complex. 
E) arousal is high or low; the others are friends or strangers.

Question 14

According to Fred Fiedler's (1967,1978)contingency theory of leadership,in _______ situations,the leader has poor relationships with subordinates and directs tasks that are not clearly defined.

Accepted Answer

A) contingent 
B) despotic 
C) low control 
D) all 
E) high control 
A) contingent 
B) despotic 
C) low control 
D) all 
E) high control

Question 15

The presence of others will facilitate performance for

Accepted Answer

A) Janine,who is leading a difficult group discussion. 
B) Jasmine,who gives a dress rehearsal of a long speech. 
C) Arthur,who performs his first heart surgery with interns looking on. 
D) Lola,who is learning a new gymnastics routine with her team. 
E) Tim,who is washing his car as his neighbours watch. 
A) Janine,who is leading a difficult group discussion. 
B) Jasmine,who gives a dress rehearsal of a long speech. 
C) Arthur,who performs his first heart surgery with interns looking on. 
D) Lola,who is learning a new gymnastics routine with her team. 
E) Tim,who is washing his car as his neighbours watch.

Question 16

Research by Suedfeld and colleagues indicates that truly great leaders

Accepted Answer

A) show a decrease in integrative complexity in a crisis. 
B) show recovery in integrative complexity in a crisis. 
C) show an increase in integrative complexity in a crisis. 
D) demonstrate that integrative complexity is irrelevant in a crisis. 
E) show stable integrative complexity in a crisis. 
A) show a decrease in integrative complexity in a crisis. 
B) show recovery in integrative complexity in a crisis. 
C) show an increase in integrative complexity in a crisis. 
D) demonstrate that integrative complexity is irrelevant in a crisis. 
E) show stable integrative complexity in a crisis.

Question 17

The Choice Dilemmas Questionnaire (CDQ)is often used in research on individual versus group decision-making.This instrument is designed to

Accepted Answer

A) measure individuals' propensity to take risks in social situations. 
B) prevent groupthink in highly cohesive groups. 
C) enable group members to record their reactions to discussions. 
D) identify the most appropriate leader for the task at hand. 
E) prevent social loafing. 
A) measure individuals' propensity to take risks in social situations. 
B) prevent groupthink in highly cohesive groups. 
C) enable group members to record their reactions to discussions. 
D) identify the most appropriate leader for the task at hand. 
E) prevent social loafing.

Question 18

Social facilitation is most likely to occur when

Accepted Answer

A) individual efforts cannot be assessed. 
B) the task is simple and well-learned. 
C) the task is difficult and the individual efforts can be assessed. 
D) the presence of others relaxes you. 
E) the task is difficult and involving. 
A) individual efforts cannot be assessed. 
B) the task is simple and well-learned. 
C) the task is difficult and the individual efforts can be assessed. 
D) the presence of others relaxes you. 
E) the task is difficult and involving.

Question 19

The Wednesday Night Social Club has several couples that have been with the group for more than a decade.They meet every week for a different social activity often at each other's homes.Frequent activities include potluck and card games.Two new couples in the same age group who have moved into the neighbourhood have attended recently.This group shows evidence of

Accepted Answer

A) transactive memory. 
B) cohesiveness. 
C) continuity. 
D) consensus. 
E) strong leadership. 
A) transactive memory. 
B) cohesiveness. 
C) continuity. 
D) consensus. 
E) strong leadership.

Question 20

When women are chosen for leadership positions over units or departments in crisis,

Accepted Answer

A) this is referred to as breaking the glass cliff,because women are now in leadership positions. 
B) this is referred to as the glass cliff,because the chance of any leader failing in such a position is higher. 
C) this is breaking the glass ceiling,because the chance of any leader failing in such a position is lower. 
D) this is referred to as the glass ceiling,because men are denied leadership positions. 
E) this is referred to as the glass cliff,because success is difficult but leads to high rewards. 
A) this is referred to as breaking the glass cliff,because women are now in leadership positions. 
B) this is referred to as the glass cliff,because the chance of any leader failing in such a position is higher. 
C) this is breaking the glass ceiling,because the chance of any leader failing in such a position is lower. 
D) this is referred to as the glass ceiling,because men are denied leadership positions. 
E) this is referred to as the glass cliff,because success is difficult but leads to high rewards.

Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning the function of group membership?

At first blush,it would appear that integrative solutions (in which each side in a conflict agrees to cede something to the other)would be relatively easy to achieve.However,Leigh Thompson (1995)has discovered that these kinds of solutions are difficult to achieve because

Steven Karau and Kipling Williams (1993)reviewed more than 150 studies on social loafing and found that the tendency to loaf is stronger in men than in women.Why is this true,according to the authors of your text?

_______ is a form of communication between adversaries,wherein parties make offers and counteroffers until a solution acceptable to both parties is reached.

Which of the following individuals is most likely to engage in social loafing?

The resident assistant of a campus residence hall notices that when a team of five students is assigned to bathroom duty,the bathrooms are not as well cleaned as when only one student is assigned to clean them.What phenomenon does this example illustrate?

According to a social comparison interpretation,group polarization tends to occur because individuals can present themselves in a more _ light by taking slightly more _ positions than the norm of the group.

A number of social psychologists have speculated on why the presence of others should lead to arousal.They have developed three explanatory theories.One is that arousal increases vigilance.Another is that arousal is distracting.Third,arousal

According to former Canadian Prime Minister Kim Campbell,women seeking leadership roles may find themselves in a lose-lose situation.Explain.

_______ refers to the tendency of people to perform better on simple tasks and worse on complex tasks when others are present.

In order to predict whether the presence of others will help or hinder performance,one needs two pieces of information,whether _ and whether _.

According to Fred Fiedler's (1967,1978)contingency theory of leadership,in _______ situations,the leader has poor relationships with subordinates and directs tasks that are not clearly defined.

The presence of others will facilitate performance for

Research by Suedfeld and colleagues indicates that truly great leaders

The Choice Dilemmas Questionnaire (CDQ)is often used in research on individual versus group decision-making.This instrument is designed to

Social facilitation is most likely to occur when

When women are chosen for leadership positions over units or departments in crisis,

Introduction to Social Psychology

Methodology

Social Cognition

Social Perception

The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Attitudes and Attitude Change

Conformity

Interpersonal Attraction

Prosocial Behaviour

Aggression

Prejudice

The Intersection of Social Psychology and Environmental Issues

Exploring the Concept of Stress: Factors, Correlations, and Implications for Health

Eyewitness Testimony and the Legal System

Filters

Exam 8: Group Processes

Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning the function of group membership?

At first blush,it would appear that integrative solutions (in which each side in a conflict agrees to cede something to the other)would be relatively easy to achieve.However,Leigh Thompson (1995)has discovered that these kinds of solutions are difficult to achieve because

Steven Karau and Kipling Williams (1993)reviewed more than 150 studies on social loafing and found that the tendency to loaf is stronger in men than in women.Why is this true,according to the authors of your text?

_______ is a form of communication between adversaries,wherein parties make offers and counteroffers until a solution acceptable to both parties is reached.

Which of the following individuals is most likely to engage in social loafing?

The resident assistant of a campus residence hall notices that when a team of five students is assigned to bathroom duty,the bathrooms are not as well cleaned as when only one student is assigned to clean them.What phenomenon does this example illustrate?

According to a social comparison interpretation,group polarization tends to occur because individuals can present themselves in a more _______ light by taking slightly more _______ positions than the norm of the group.

A number of social psychologists have speculated on why the presence of others should lead to arousal.They have developed three explanatory theories.One is that arousal increases vigilance.Another is that arousal is distracting.Third,arousal

According to former Canadian Prime Minister Kim Campbell,women seeking leadership roles may find themselves in a lose-lose situation.Explain.

_______ refers to the tendency of people to perform better on simple tasks and worse on complex tasks when others are present.

In order to predict whether the presence of others will help or hinder performance,one needs two pieces of information,whether _______ and whether _______.

According to Fred Fiedler's (1967,1978)contingency theory of leadership,in _______ situations,the leader has poor relationships with subordinates and directs tasks that are not clearly defined.

The presence of others will facilitate performance for

Research by Suedfeld and colleagues indicates that truly great leaders

The Choice Dilemmas Questionnaire (CDQ)is often used in research on individual versus group decision-making.This instrument is designed to

Social facilitation is most likely to occur when

When women are chosen for leadership positions over units or departments in crisis,

Introduction to Social Psychology

Methodology

Social Cognition

Social Perception

The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Attitudes and Attitude Change

Conformity

Interpersonal Attraction

Prosocial Behaviour

Aggression

Prejudice

The Intersection of Social Psychology and Environmental Issues

Exploring the Concept of Stress: Factors, Correlations, and Implications for Health

Eyewitness Testimony and the Legal System

Filters

According to a social comparison interpretation,group polarization tends to occur because individuals can present themselves in a more _ light by taking slightly more _ positions than the norm of the group.

In order to predict whether the presence of others will help or hinder performance,one needs two pieces of information,whether _ and whether _.