Question 1

Social loafing is most likely to occur when

Accepted Answer

A) an improvisational comedy troupe performs. 
B) a team of computer scientists works to locate and correct errors in a program. 
C) a group is performing a task on which they will be individually evaluated. 
D) a team of volunteers stuffs envelopes for a large mailing. 
E) candidates for city council engage in a public debate. 
A) an improvisational comedy troupe performs. 
B) a team of computer scientists works to locate and correct errors in a program. 
C) a group is performing a task on which they will be individually evaluated. 
D) a team of volunteers stuffs envelopes for a large mailing. 
E) candidates for city council engage in a public debate.

Question 2

Group or team learning activities are becoming more common in the university setting and professors often assign students to work in groups.Given what you know about social loafing,what advice would you give a professor who is considering using group learning activities?

Accepted Answer

A) For simple assignments,it's better to assign a group grade. 
B) Beware of social loafing.It's always better to have students work alone if you want them to do well. 
C) Make sure that the groups of students are cohesive and appoint their own leader. 
D) For simple assignments,it's better to assign individual grades to students. 
E) Make sure that the groups are not too small.It's better to have more students relying on one another. 
A) For simple assignments,it's better to assign a group grade. 
B) Beware of social loafing.It's always better to have students work alone if you want them to do well. 
C) Make sure that the groups of students are cohesive and appoint their own leader. 
D) For simple assignments,it's better to assign individual grades to students. 
E) Make sure that the groups are not too small.It's better to have more students relying on one another.

Question 3

_______ is the key to social facilitation effects,whereas _______ is the key to social loafing effects.

Accepted Answer

A) Evaluation; arousal 
B) Relaxation; evaluation apprehension 
C) Arousal; relaxation 
D) Evaluation; deindividuation 
E) Relaxation; arousal 
A) Evaluation; arousal 
B) Relaxation; evaluation apprehension 
C) Arousal; relaxation 
D) Evaluation; deindividuation 
E) Relaxation; arousal

Question 4

One way to deal with process loss and therefore enable the group to come up with correct solution to a problem is

Accepted Answer

A) to work towards integrative solutions. 
B) to make sure that all members pool the available information. 
C) to have a charismatic leader 
D) for all members to criticize each other's ideas. 
E) for all members take turns at a leadership role. 
A) to work towards integrative solutions. 
B) to make sure that all members pool the available information. 
C) to have a charismatic leader 
D) for all members to criticize each other's ideas. 
E) for all members take turns at a leadership role.

Question 5

Early studies of group decision-making demonstrated that groups made riskier decisions than individuals do.The concept of "risky shift" was born.Later studies,however,revealed that group decisions are not necessarily more risky than individual decisions; instead,they are more extreme.The concept of _______ was born.

Accepted Answer

A) decisional instability 
B) group polarization 
C) culture-value theory 
D) social loafing 
E) extremity shift 
A) decisional instability 
B) group polarization 
C) culture-value theory 
D) social loafing 
E) extremity shift

Question 6

According to research,social groups tend to range in size from two or three members to several dozen members.Why is this?

Accepted Answer

A) If groups were larger it would be impossible to interact with other members. 
B) If a group becomes too large conflict within the group becomes unavoidable. 
C) It would be difficult for members to find more people who are similar to them. 
D) It is too difficult to arrive at normative consensus when groups grow too large. 
E) The larger the social group,the greater the likelihood of destructive conflict. 
A) If groups were larger it would be impossible to interact with other members. 
B) If a group becomes too large conflict within the group becomes unavoidable. 
C) It would be difficult for members to find more people who are similar to them. 
D) It is too difficult to arrive at normative consensus when groups grow too large. 
E) The larger the social group,the greater the likelihood of destructive conflict.

Question 7

Families,church or synagogue congregations,student organizations,and sports teams can be conceived of as groups because

Accepted Answer

A) they are part of our evolutionary and cultural heritage as humans. 
B) they are typically composed of more than ten members. 
C) they are typically composed of more than two members. 
D) they are relatively stable collections of individuals who share the same goals. 
E) individual members interact with one another and influence one another. 
A) they are part of our evolutionary and cultural heritage as humans. 
B) they are typically composed of more than ten members. 
C) they are typically composed of more than two members. 
D) they are relatively stable collections of individuals who share the same goals. 
E) individual members interact with one another and influence one another.

Question 8

According to Fred Fiedler's (1967,1978)contingency theory of leadership,in _______ situations,the leader has good relationships with subordinates,is perceived as powerful,and directs structured and well-defined tasks.

Accepted Answer

A) autocratic 
B) ambiguous 
C) low control 
D) contingent 
E) high control 
A) autocratic 
B) ambiguous 
C) low control 
D) contingent 
E) high control

Question 9

James Michaels and his colleagues (1982)identified both good and bad pool players and then stood around their tables to watch them play.These researchers found that poor players _______ because _______.

Accepted Answer

A) made more shots; arousal facilitates performance. 
B) made fewer shots; playing pool was a complex task. 
C) made fewer shots; they were embarrassed. 
D) made more shots; they were motivated to "show off." 
E) made more shots; they were better able to focus. 
A) made more shots; arousal facilitates performance. 
B) made fewer shots; playing pool was a complex task. 
C) made fewer shots; they were embarrassed. 
D) made more shots; they were motivated to "show off." 
E) made more shots; they were better able to focus.

Question 10

You are the leader of a labour union on strike against management.The conflict has escalated,and there is anger and mistrust on both sides of the conflict.Management is about to declare bankruptcy and union strike benefits are running low.You want to resolve the conflict as quickly as possible,and to reach an agreement that both sides will accept as binding.What should you do?

Accepted Answer

A) Accept a process loss. 
B) Hire a mediator. 
C) Use a tit-for-tat strategy. 
D) Threaten management with a strike. 
E) Push for a quid pro quo solution. 
A) Accept a process loss. 
B) Hire a mediator. 
C) Use a tit-for-tat strategy. 
D) Threaten management with a strike. 
E) Push for a quid pro quo solution.

Question 11

There is a powerful scene in the classic film To Kill a Mockingbird.Atticus Finch,a small town lawyer,is on the courthouse steps standing guard over Tom Robinson,an African-American prisoner who he is defending.A mob of townspeople and local farmers approaches the courthouse,demanding that Atticus turn over Robinson; they are intent on administering their own form of vigilante justice.Suddenly,Atticus's young daughter Scout steps forward.She doesn't understand what's about to happen,and begins to address people in the crowd,"Hey,Mr.Cunningham.How's your boy? I like Walter,but I haven't seen him in awhile." As Scout innocently addresses a number of individuals in the crowd,they begin to leave one-by-one,until the whole lynch mob is disbanded.This classic movie scene best illustrates which social psychological phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A) social facilitation 
B) diffusion of responsibility 
C) the bystander effect 
D) social loafing 
E) deindividuation 
A) social facilitation 
B) diffusion of responsibility 
C) the bystander effect 
D) social loafing 
E) deindividuation

Question 12

Whereas _______ specify how all group members should behave,_______ specify how individuals in particular positions should behave.

Accepted Answer

A) roles; norms 
B) rules; roles 
C) rules; norms 
D) norms; rules 
E) norms; roles 
A) roles; norms 
B) rules; roles 
C) rules; norms 
D) norms; rules 
E) norms; roles

Question 13

James manages a team of employees for a company that is highly organized,well controlled,and high in employee satisfaction.In this situation,there is a greater need for a _______ leader than a _______ leader.

Accepted Answer

A) feminine; masculine 
B) feminine; task-oriented 
C) masculine; task-oriented 
D) task-oriented; relationship-oriented 
E) relationship-oriented; task-oriented 
A) feminine; masculine 
B) feminine; task-oriented 
C) masculine; task-oriented 
D) task-oriented; relationship-oriented 
E) relationship-oriented; task-oriented

Question 14

The Trucking Game (Deutsch & Krauss,1960,1962)puts participants in a conflict situation.Each participant wants to get his or her truck to the destination as quickly as possible.Morton Deutsch and Robert Krauss introduced a novel twist.They sometimes gave one participant a gate with which to threaten an opponent.At other times,they gave both participants such a gate,and still other times,neither participant had a gate with which to threaten his or her opponent.What happened?

Accepted Answer

A) When only one participant could wield a threat,both participants lost money. 
B) When both participants wielded threats (used gates to block their opponents),they negotiated and reached a cooperative arrangement. 
C) When both participants could wield threats,the game typically ended in a stalemate. 
D) When only one participant wielded a threat (used the gate to block the opponent),the person with the gate won more money. 
E) When both participants could wield threats,both participants won more. 
A) When only one participant could wield a threat,both participants lost money. 
B) When both participants wielded threats (used gates to block their opponents),they negotiated and reached a cooperative arrangement. 
C) When both participants could wield threats,the game typically ended in a stalemate. 
D) When only one participant wielded a threat (used the gate to block the opponent),the person with the gate won more money. 
E) When both participants could wield threats,both participants won more.

Question 15

In the Stanford Prison Study conducted by Philip Zimbardo and his colleagues (1973),guards became increasingly sadistic and prisoners became increasingly submissive and withdrawn,all in under a week.Results of this (aborted)study suggest that

Accepted Answer

A) social roles can take on a power all their own. 
B) humans are inherently aggressive and will "act out" in the appropriate situation. 
C) interdependence can be reduced in powerful situations. 
D) people who have authoritarian personalities do not make good prisoners. 
E) norms in the real world are often adopted in artificial settings. 
A) social roles can take on a power all their own. 
B) humans are inherently aggressive and will "act out" in the appropriate situation. 
C) interdependence can be reduced in powerful situations. 
D) people who have authoritarian personalities do not make good prisoners. 
E) norms in the real world are often adopted in artificial settings.

Question 16

In one family with young children Bill keeps lists of which groceries to buy while Sylvie keeps track of all events,practices,and appointments.They are making use of

Accepted Answer

A) group cohesiveness. 
B) task-oriented leadership. 
C) tit-for-tat strategies. 
D) social facilitation. 
E) transactive memory. 
A) group cohesiveness. 
B) task-oriented leadership. 
C) tit-for-tat strategies. 
D) social facilitation. 
E) transactive memory.

Question 17

Morton Deutsch and Robert Krauss (1960,1962)found that cooperation between adversaries is most likely to occur when

Accepted Answer

A) only one side has the power to make threats. 
B) neither side is able to make a threat. 
C) both sides can communicate and only one side can make a threat 
D) both sides are able to make threats. 
E) communication is required. 
A) only one side has the power to make threats. 
B) neither side is able to make a threat. 
C) both sides can communicate and only one side can make a threat 
D) both sides are able to make threats. 
E) communication is required.

Question 18

Dozens of social psychological experiments on the topic of social facilitation have employed everything from people to birds,ants,and cockroaches.Which of the following is the one consistent finding has emerged from these many studies?

Accepted Answer

A) Difficult tasks are more arousing than simple tasks. 
B) Simplicity is the most dominant response in the presence of others. 
C) The presence of others enhances performance the most on difficult tasks. 
D) The presence of others enhances performance on simple tasks. 
E) Simple tasks are unaffected by the presence of others,but complex tasks are. 
A) Difficult tasks are more arousing than simple tasks. 
B) Simplicity is the most dominant response in the presence of others. 
C) The presence of others enhances performance the most on difficult tasks. 
D) The presence of others enhances performance on simple tasks. 
E) Simple tasks are unaffected by the presence of others,but complex tasks are.

Question 19

Many Asian cultures are collectivistic-they tend to place a greater emphasis on the welfare of the group than on the individual.Conversely,Western cultures tend to stress individual performance more than that of the group.A reasonable hypothesis would be that the social loafing effect is

Accepted Answer

A) stronger in collectivist cultures. 
B) slightly stronger in collectivist cultures,but still more dependent on individual personality differences. 
C) stronger in Western culture. 
D) almost nonexistent in collectivist cultures. 
E) unaffected by cultural norms. 
A) stronger in collectivist cultures. 
B) slightly stronger in collectivist cultures,but still more dependent on individual personality differences. 
C) stronger in Western culture. 
D) almost nonexistent in collectivist cultures. 
E) unaffected by cultural norms.

Question 20

Negotiation as a means of resolving conflict doesn't work as often as it might because in most conflicts

Accepted Answer

A) adversaries tend to overlook interests they have in common. 
B) adversaries refuse to involve objective mediators. 
C) one party has more power than the other. 
D) adversaries tend to overestimate the amount of trust they should have for one another. 
E) adversaries refuse to communicate with one another. 
A) adversaries tend to overlook interests they have in common. 
B) adversaries refuse to involve objective mediators. 
C) one party has more power than the other. 
D) adversaries tend to overestimate the amount of trust they should have for one another. 
E) adversaries refuse to communicate with one another.

Social loafing is most likely to occur when

Group or team learning activities are becoming more common in the university setting and professors often assign students to work in groups.Given what you know about social loafing,what advice would you give a professor who is considering using group learning activities?

_ is the key to social facilitation effects,whereas _ is the key to social loafing effects.

One way to deal with process loss and therefore enable the group to come up with correct solution to a problem is

According to research,social groups tend to range in size from two or three members to several dozen members.Why is this?

Families,church or synagogue congregations,student organizations,and sports teams can be conceived of as groups because

According to Fred Fiedler's (1967,1978)contingency theory of leadership,in _______ situations,the leader has good relationships with subordinates,is perceived as powerful,and directs structured and well-defined tasks.

James Michaels and his colleagues (1982)identified both good and bad pool players and then stood around their tables to watch them play.These researchers found that poor players _ because _.

Whereas _ specify how all group members should behave,_ specify how individuals in particular positions should behave.

James manages a team of employees for a company that is highly organized,well controlled,and high in employee satisfaction.In this situation,there is a greater need for a _ leader than a _ leader.

In the Stanford Prison Study conducted by Philip Zimbardo and his colleagues (1973),guards became increasingly sadistic and prisoners became increasingly submissive and withdrawn,all in under a week.Results of this (aborted)study suggest that

In one family with young children Bill keeps lists of which groceries to buy while Sylvie keeps track of all events,practices,and appointments.They are making use of

Morton Deutsch and Robert Krauss (1960,1962)found that cooperation between adversaries is most likely to occur when

Dozens of social psychological experiments on the topic of social facilitation have employed everything from people to birds,ants,and cockroaches.Which of the following is the one consistent finding has emerged from these many studies?

Many Asian cultures are collectivistic-they tend to place a greater emphasis on the welfare of the group than on the individual.Conversely,Western cultures tend to stress individual performance more than that of the group.A reasonable hypothesis would be that the social loafing effect is

Negotiation as a means of resolving conflict doesn't work as often as it might because in most conflicts

Introduction to Social Psychology

Methodology

Social Cognition

Social Perception

The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Attitudes and Attitude Change

Conformity

Interpersonal Attraction

Prosocial Behaviour

Aggression

Prejudice

The Intersection of Social Psychology and Environmental Issues

Exploring the Concept of Stress: Factors, Correlations, and Implications for Health

Eyewitness Testimony and the Legal System

Filters

Exam 8: Group Processes

Social loafing is most likely to occur when

Group or team learning activities are becoming more common in the university setting and professors often assign students to work in groups.Given what you know about social loafing,what advice would you give a professor who is considering using group learning activities?

_______ is the key to social facilitation effects,whereas _______ is the key to social loafing effects.

One way to deal with process loss and therefore enable the group to come up with correct solution to a problem is

According to research,social groups tend to range in size from two or three members to several dozen members.Why is this?

Families,church or synagogue congregations,student organizations,and sports teams can be conceived of as groups because

According to Fred Fiedler's (1967,1978)contingency theory of leadership,in _______ situations,the leader has good relationships with subordinates,is perceived as powerful,and directs structured and well-defined tasks.

James Michaels and his colleagues (1982)identified both good and bad pool players and then stood around their tables to watch them play.These researchers found that poor players _______ because _______.

Whereas _______ specify how all group members should behave,_______ specify how individuals in particular positions should behave.

James manages a team of employees for a company that is highly organized,well controlled,and high in employee satisfaction.In this situation,there is a greater need for a _______ leader than a _______ leader.

In the Stanford Prison Study conducted by Philip Zimbardo and his colleagues (1973),guards became increasingly sadistic and prisoners became increasingly submissive and withdrawn,all in under a week.Results of this (aborted)study suggest that

In one family with young children Bill keeps lists of which groceries to buy while Sylvie keeps track of all events,practices,and appointments.They are making use of

Morton Deutsch and Robert Krauss (1960,1962)found that cooperation between adversaries is most likely to occur when

Dozens of social psychological experiments on the topic of social facilitation have employed everything from people to birds,ants,and cockroaches.Which of the following is the one consistent finding has emerged from these many studies?

Many Asian cultures are collectivistic-they tend to place a greater emphasis on the welfare of the group than on the individual.Conversely,Western cultures tend to stress individual performance more than that of the group.A reasonable hypothesis would be that the social loafing effect is

Negotiation as a means of resolving conflict doesn't work as often as it might because in most conflicts

Introduction to Social Psychology

Methodology

Social Cognition

Social Perception

The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Attitudes and Attitude Change

Conformity

Interpersonal Attraction

Prosocial Behaviour

Aggression

Prejudice

The Intersection of Social Psychology and Environmental Issues

Exploring the Concept of Stress: Factors, Correlations, and Implications for Health

Eyewitness Testimony and the Legal System

Filters

_ is the key to social facilitation effects,whereas _ is the key to social loafing effects.

James Michaels and his colleagues (1982)identified both good and bad pool players and then stood around their tables to watch them play.These researchers found that poor players _ because _.

Whereas _ specify how all group members should behave,_ specify how individuals in particular positions should behave.

James manages a team of employees for a company that is highly organized,well controlled,and high in employee satisfaction.In this situation,there is a greater need for a _ leader than a _ leader.