Exam 8: Altruism: Helping Others

Greg went to a specialty store to find a gift for his girlfriend.He noticed a shelf of blown-glass figurines that said "Do not pick up these figurines!" He ignored the sign and started picking up pieces that he liked.The store clerk came over and admonished Greg for his actions,telling him,"Hey! Didn't you read the sign? Don't pick up the figurines as you could break them!" Greg felt bad and guilty for being inconsiderate.Suddenly,a shopper next to him dropped her purse and spilled its contents all over the floor.Given the principles of helping behaviour,

Social exchange theory suggests that human interactions are guided by social economics,in which costs are minimized and rewards are maximized.

Evolutionary psychology is to _____________ as social-exchange theory is to ______________.

Before agreeing to help out at the local homeless shelter,Sharon weighs the costs (e.g.,getting up at dawn)and benefits (e.g.,feeling good about herself)of doing so.This strategy would be predicted by

The finding that a person is less likely to help in an emergency when other people are present is called

Evolutionary psychology contends that the essence of life is

A classmate of Bianca's wants to borrow Bianca's notes to study for an upcoming exam.Research suggests that Bianca is most likely to agree if the woman says she needs the notes because she

You are the leader of a work team.During the four-month job,any one of the members might have a very busy day and need help from the others.What is the best way to ensure that the workers will be willing to help each other out,if necessary?

Which of the following seems to contribute to the fact that people in small,less densely populated cities are more likely to help?

According to research,we are more empathic and helpful toward those who are similar to us.

Research by Beaman and colleagues shows that once people understand why the presence of bystanders ____________ helping,they become ____________ likely to help in group situations.

To compare helping in different cities and cultures,Levine and his colleagues would accidentally drop a pen,drop magazines while limping with an apparently injured leg,or feign blindness when approaching an intersection as the light turned green.Those dropping a pen in ___________ were,for example,four times more likely to be helped than those doing so in New York City.

Receiving unsolicited help

According to Daniel Batson,while witnessing another person's distress triggers empathy and compassion,the act of helping is motivated by

Despite ongoing theoretical and empirical debate,research may never show that empathy-based helping is a source of genuine altruism because

According to Donald Campbell,the reason that humans sometimes demonstrate nonreciprocal altruism toward strangers is that

After Mr.Walters's neighbour helped him paint his house,Mr.Walters felt obligated to offer to help the neighbour remodel his kitchen.Mr.Walters's sense of obligation most likely resulted from the

In a study by Dunn and colleagues,students were given a sum of money and told to spend it on themselves,someone else,or make a charitable donation.They later rated their level of happiness.Which group was given the lowest ratings of happiness?

In staging physical fights between a man and a woman,Shotland and Straw found that bystanders intervened only 19 percent of the time when the woman shouted,

The doctrine of psychological egoism maintains that