Question 1

According to the overjustification effect,promising children a reward for an activity that they already enjoy doing intrinsically will:

Accepted Answer

A) cause them to enjoy the activity more than earlier. 
B) lead them to enjoy the activity less than earlier. 
C) increase the time and effort they put into the activity. 
D) encourage them to do the activity on their own without any promise of future rewards. 
A) cause them to enjoy the activity more than earlier. 
B) lead them to enjoy the activity less than earlier. 
C) increase the time and effort they put into the activity. 
D) encourage them to do the activity on their own without any promise of future rewards.

Question 2

Identify a true statement about dissonance theory.

Accepted Answer

A) It states that one feels tension when one has multiple consistent thoughts. 
B) It assumes that for strategic reasons one expresses attitudes that make one appear consistent. 
C) It supports the fact that discomfort remains unaffected by judging one's actions to oneself. 
D) It pertains mostly to discrepancies between behavior and attitudes. 
A) It states that one feels tension when one has multiple consistent thoughts. 
B) It assumes that for strategic reasons one expresses attitudes that make one appear consistent. 
C) It supports the fact that discomfort remains unaffected by judging one's actions to oneself. 
D) It pertains mostly to discrepancies between behavior and attitudes.

Question 3

Cognitive dissonance theory was formulated by:

Accepted Answer

A) James Laird. 
B) William James. 
C) Leon Festinger. 
D) Daryl Bem. 
A) James Laird. 
B) William James. 
C) Leon Festinger. 
D) Daryl Bem.

Question 4

Which of the following theories explains the insufficient justification effect by claiming that we explain our behavior by noting the conditions under which it occurs?

Accepted Answer

A) self-perception theory 
B) self-presentation theory 
C) role-playing theory 
D) cognitive dissonance theory 
A) self-perception theory 
B) self-presentation theory 
C) role-playing theory 
D) cognitive dissonance theory

Question 5

As a teenager,you enjoy jogging.Your parents purchase new running shoes for you after every major milestone (e.g. ,when you ran your first marathon).According to self-perception theory,your parents' behavior is most likely to _____ your intrinsic motivation for jogging.

Accepted Answer

A) decrease 
B) increase 
C) downgrade 
D) erode 
A) decrease 
B) increase 
C) downgrade 
D) erode

Question 6

Vaughan and Lanzetta's (1981)study required participants to observe someone receiving supposed electric shocks.Some,but not all,of the participants were required to make a pained expression whenever the shock was implemented.The results indicated that compared with those students who were not required to make a pained expression,those who did perspired more and had faster heart rates whenever they saw the shock being delivered.With which theory are the results of this study consistent?

Accepted Answer

A) self-presentation theory 
B) self-consistency theory 
C) cognitive dissonance theory 
D) self-perception theory 
A) self-presentation theory 
B) self-consistency theory 
C) cognitive dissonance theory 
D) self-perception theory

Question 7

Impression management is to _____ as cognitive dissonance is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) overjustification;insufficient justification 
B) the false consensus effect;the false uniqueness effect 
C) self-monitoring;self-presentation 
D) self-presentation;self-justification 
A) overjustification;insufficient justification 
B) the false consensus effect;the false uniqueness effect 
C) self-monitoring;self-presentation 
D) self-presentation;self-justification

Question 8

In the context of behavior and attitudes,identify an example of the overjustification effect.

Accepted Answer

A) Isla fails to arrive at a conclusion when she is offered multiple choices. 
B) Mahdi,a 15-year-old,is weak in math but is motivated to work hard when his teacher recognizes his effort. 
C) Zoe,a 10-year-old,loves gardening but loses interest when her parents offer her money for watering plants daily. 
D) Kacper takes leave frequently because his colleagues do the same. 
A) Isla fails to arrive at a conclusion when she is offered multiple choices. 
B) Mahdi,a 15-year-old,is weak in math but is motivated to work hard when his teacher recognizes his effort. 
C) Zoe,a 10-year-old,loves gardening but loses interest when her parents offer her money for watering plants daily. 
D) Kacper takes leave frequently because his colleagues do the same.

Question 9

Which of the following would better predict a person's support for a Republican presidential candidate?

Accepted Answer

A) his/her implicit attitude 
B) his/her explicit self-report 
C) the implicit association test 
D) the Rorschach inkblot test 
A) his/her implicit attitude 
B) his/her explicit self-report 
C) the implicit association test 
D) the Rorschach inkblot test

Question 10

The tendency to seek information and media that agree with one's views and to avoid dissonant information is called _____.

Accepted Answer

A) selective exposure 
B) defensive pessimism 
C) impact bias 
D) hindsight bias 
A) selective exposure 
B) defensive pessimism 
C) impact bias 
D) hindsight bias

Question 11

You receive multiple job offers after graduating from college.You find it difficult to arrive at a decision.However,once you decide to accept an offer,you find yourself _____ the job offers you did not accept in order to reduce dissonance.

Accepted Answer

A) focusing on 
B) revamping 
C) downgrading 
D) upgrading 
A) focusing on 
B) revamping 
C) downgrading 
D) upgrading

Question 12

At the beginning of the 2003 Iraq war,only 38% of Americans said the war was justified even if Iraq did not have weapons of mass destruction.When no such weapons were found after the war,58% of Americans supported the war.Myers explains this revision of people's memories of their government's main rationale for going to war as an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) self-presentation. 
B) cognitive dissonance. 
C) terror management theory. 
D) self-perception. 
A) self-presentation. 
B) cognitive dissonance. 
C) terror management theory. 
D) self-perception.

Question 13

Lucy volunteers to teach the children of a local orphanage baseball on weekends.The manager of the orphanage offers to pay Lucy if she coaches the children for four days a week.Initially,Lucy is excited about the offer and accepts it.However,after a few weeks,she feels less enthusiastic about the classes and stops visiting the orphanage.In the context of psychology,which of the following is illustrated in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

A) the subadditivity effect 
B) the overjustification effect 
C) cognitive dissonance 
D) clustering illusion 
A) the subadditivity effect 
B) the overjustification effect 
C) cognitive dissonance 
D) clustering illusion

Question 14

Which of the following requirements should be fulfilled for an attitude to lead to a behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) Multiple behaviors,rather than a specific one,must be chosen. 
B) Liking must not become wanting. 
C) The chosen goal must not overwhelm other demands. 
D) An objective must be set. 
A) Multiple behaviors,rather than a specific one,must be chosen. 
B) Liking must not become wanting. 
C) The chosen goal must not overwhelm other demands. 
D) An objective must be set.

Question 15

A set of norms that defines how people in a given social position ought to behave is what social psychologists call a:

Accepted Answer

A) benchmark. 
B) guideline. 
C) role. 
D) stereotype. 
A) benchmark. 
B) guideline. 
C) role. 
D) stereotype.

Question 16

When asked whether they want to view information supporting or opposing their viewpoint,people who have just expressed their views on various topics prefer to view information supporting their positions.Which of the following best accounts for this finding?

Accepted Answer

A) brainwashing 
B) self-perception theory 
C) the overconfidence effect 
D) selective exposure 
A) brainwashing 
B) self-perception theory 
C) the overconfidence effect 
D) selective exposure

Question 17

If you are studying because you want to do well in your chosen course and truly want to understand the material,you are more likely to want to study in the future than students who view studying as compulsory.Your situation is an example of how:

Accepted Answer

A) attitudes follow behaviors. 
B) behaviors follow attitudes. 
C) attitudes follow behaviors for which we feel some responsibility. 
D) behaviors follow attitudes for which we feel some responsibility. 
A) attitudes follow behaviors. 
B) behaviors follow attitudes. 
C) attitudes follow behaviors for which we feel some responsibility. 
D) behaviors follow attitudes for which we feel some responsibility.

Question 18

No one wants to look foolishly inconsistent according to _____ theory.

Accepted Answer

A) self-perception 
B) self-justification 
C) self-presentation 
D) social orientation 
A) self-perception 
B) self-justification 
C) self-presentation 
D) social orientation

Question 19

Saying becomes believing when:

Accepted Answer

A) what you say falls in line with your implicit attitude. 
B) your implicit and explicit attitudes are already in agreement. 
C) there is no compelling external explanation for your words. 
D) you have said something similar in the past. 
A) what you say falls in line with your implicit attitude. 
B) your implicit and explicit attitudes are already in agreement. 
C) there is no compelling external explanation for your words. 
D) you have said something similar in the past.

Question 20

Dissonance conditions do indeed arouse tension,especially when they threaten:

Accepted Answer

A) positive feelings of self-worth. 
B) physical discomfort. 
C) as-yet-unformed attitudes. 
D) gender identity. 
A) positive feelings of self-worth. 
B) physical discomfort. 
C) as-yet-unformed attitudes. 
D) gender identity.

According to the overjustification effect,promising children a reward for an activity that they already enjoy doing intrinsically will:

Identify a true statement about dissonance theory.

Cognitive dissonance theory was formulated by:

Which of the following theories explains the insufficient justification effect by claiming that we explain our behavior by noting the conditions under which it occurs?

As a teenager,you enjoy jogging.Your parents purchase new running shoes for you after every major milestone (e.g. ,when you ran your first marathon).According to self-perception theory,your parents' behavior is most likely to _____ your intrinsic motivation for jogging.

Impression management is to _ as cognitive dissonance is to _.

In the context of behavior and attitudes,identify an example of the overjustification effect.

Which of the following would better predict a person's support for a Republican presidential candidate?

The tendency to seek information and media that agree with one's views and to avoid dissonant information is called _____.

You receive multiple job offers after graduating from college.You find it difficult to arrive at a decision.However,once you decide to accept an offer,you find yourself _____ the job offers you did not accept in order to reduce dissonance.

Which of the following requirements should be fulfilled for an attitude to lead to a behavior?

A set of norms that defines how people in a given social position ought to behave is what social psychologists call a:

When asked whether they want to view information supporting or opposing their viewpoint,people who have just expressed their views on various topics prefer to view information supporting their positions.Which of the following best accounts for this finding?

If you are studying because you want to do well in your chosen course and truly want to understand the material,you are more likely to want to study in the future than students who view studying as compulsory.Your situation is an example of how:

No one wants to look foolishly inconsistent according to _____ theory.

Saying becomes believing when:

Dissonance conditions do indeed arouse tension,especially when they threaten:

Introducing Social Psychology

The Self in a Social World

Social Beliefs and Judgments

Genes, Culture, and Gender

Conformity and Obedience

Persuasion

Group Influence

Prejudice: Disliking Others

Aggression: Hurting Others

Attraction and Intimacy: Liking and Loving Others

Helping

Conflict and Peacemaking

Social Psychology in the Clinic

Social Psychology in Court

Social Psychology and the Sustainable Future

Filters

Exam 4: Behavior and Attitudes

According to the overjustification effect,promising children a reward for an activity that they already enjoy doing intrinsically will:

Identify a true statement about dissonance theory.

Cognitive dissonance theory was formulated by:

Which of the following theories explains the insufficient justification effect by claiming that we explain our behavior by noting the conditions under which it occurs?

As a teenager,you enjoy jogging.Your parents purchase new running shoes for you after every major milestone (e.g. ,when you ran your first marathon).According to self-perception theory,your parents' behavior is most likely to _____ your intrinsic motivation for jogging.

Impression management is to _____ as cognitive dissonance is to _____.

In the context of behavior and attitudes,identify an example of the overjustification effect.

Which of the following would better predict a person's support for a Republican presidential candidate?

The tendency to seek information and media that agree with one's views and to avoid dissonant information is called _____.

You receive multiple job offers after graduating from college.You find it difficult to arrive at a decision.However,once you decide to accept an offer,you find yourself _____ the job offers you did not accept in order to reduce dissonance.

Which of the following requirements should be fulfilled for an attitude to lead to a behavior?

A set of norms that defines how people in a given social position ought to behave is what social psychologists call a:

When asked whether they want to view information supporting or opposing their viewpoint,people who have just expressed their views on various topics prefer to view information supporting their positions.Which of the following best accounts for this finding?

If you are studying because you want to do well in your chosen course and truly want to understand the material,you are more likely to want to study in the future than students who view studying as compulsory.Your situation is an example of how:

No one wants to look foolishly inconsistent according to _____ theory.

Saying becomes believing when:

Dissonance conditions do indeed arouse tension,especially when they threaten:

Introducing Social Psychology

The Self in a Social World

Social Beliefs and Judgments

Genes, Culture, and Gender

Conformity and Obedience

Persuasion

Group Influence

Prejudice: Disliking Others

Aggression: Hurting Others

Attraction and Intimacy: Liking and Loving Others

Helping

Conflict and Peacemaking

Social Psychology in the Clinic

Social Psychology in Court

Social Psychology and the Sustainable Future

Filters

Impression management is to _ as cognitive dissonance is to _.