Exam 8: Altruism: Helping Others

Gordon is a primary school teacher who wants his students to learn to behave altruistically. Why might he teach the children using illustrations that show people from different cultures around the world?

In addition to reducing the ambiguity of the situation and increasing personal responsibility, explain at least two other ways to increase helping behaviour.

A stranger has collapsed on a city sidewalk due to a heart attack. According to Darley and Latané, what is the first thing that must happen before you will help in this emergency?

In a study by McMillen and Austin, participants were induced to feel guilty by denying that they had been tipped off by an accomplice about how to answer test questions. After the test, the experimenter asked participants if they had any spare time to volunteer. Results showed that

People who live in _____________ are least likely to relay a phone message, mail lost letters, cooperate with survey interviewers, do small favours, or help a lost child.

The doctrine of psychological egoism maintains that

Describe the egoistic and altruistic routes to helping. Be sure to relate these to the emotion felt, motives for helping, and subsequent behaviour.

Mail surveys and solicitations sometimes try to boost response rates by including a small gift (e.g., greeting cards). This strategy is based on

The act of helping someone unconditionally defines

Regarding people who are different as within one's circle of moral concern is called

A classmate of Bianca's wants to borrow Bianca's notes to study for an upcoming exam. Research suggests that Bianca is most likely to agree if the woman says she needs the notes because she

Who of the following is most likely to respond favourably to an unexpected request for a charitable donation to a local hospital?

A charitable organization telephones to ask Mary to contribute $100 to send delinquent youth to a summer camp. After she refuses, the solicitor asks if she would be willing to give just $10. Mary agrees. Mary was influenced by the __________ technique.

Discuss the evolutionary explanation for helping behaviour, including how kin protection and reciprocity are associated with altruism.

In a study by Dunn and colleagues, students were given a sum of money and told to spend it on themselves, someone else, or make a charitable donation. They later rated their level of happiness. Which group was gave the lowest ratings of happiness?

Latané and Darley had university students complete questionnaires in a small room and then had smoke poured into the room from a wall vent. Students who were working ___________ tended to notice the smoke _____________.

Studies of the effects of mood on helping suggest that adults who feel ____________ are more likely than those in a neutral control condition to help.

Confederates who were dressed either conservatively or in counterculture garb approached either "straight" or "hip" college students and asked for change to make a phone call. Results of this experiment confirmed a _______________ bias in helping.

You are the leader of a work team. During the four-month job, any one of the members might have a very busy day and need help from the others. What is the best way to ensure that the workers will be willing to help each other out, if necessary?

Celeste is walking along the street one day when she sees that a blood-donor clinic is in progress. She is least likely to stop and give blood if she