Exam 2: Hostparasite Interaction

A patient with an indwelling catheter develops a fever and lethargy. In addition, the urine in the catheter bag has turned a brownish color and smells foul, which suggests an infection is present. What type of infection does this describe?

Innate immunity consists of which of the following components?

Diabetics may sometimes be infected with their own resident flora. This type of infection is called

A physician notices that several patients are infected with Clostridium difficile, but only a few of the patients are symptomatic for disease. The reason for this discrepancy is

All the following activities must occur for phagocytosis to take place and be effective in host defense, except

This process results in enhanced phagocytosis by neutrophils.

Because infections can be encountered via the air, _____ can cause transmission of some pathogens.

The resulting disease from this route of transmission is a disease of animals that is transmitted to humans.

The stomach can be considered a first line of defense against microbial infections because

A patient is brought to the emergency room with the following symptoms: body temperature of 102° F, low blood pressure, elevated WBC, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. This person has gram-negative rods growing in the blood. What is responsible for these symptoms?

Lysozyme is

Interferon is a substance produced by the body that inhibits viral replication. Interferon accomplishes this task by

The smaller the number of microorganisms necessary to cause infection in a competent host, the more _____ the microorganism.

The most common bacterial characteristic that allows for evasion of phagocytosis by the host is called

Factors that determine the pathogenicity and increase the virulence of organisms include all the following, except

The human body is constantly challenged by pathogens in the environment. It is not infected by every pathogen it encounters because the microbial flora

This bacterial state occurs when a host harbors a disease-causing organism, but does not show signs of disease.

After perforation of the colon, surgeons must guard against infection in the _____ because of leakage of the contents of the colon.

After attachment to host cells, a pathogen may use the following mechanisms to establish itself and cause disease, except:

These are low-molecular-weight proteins secreted by T cells.