Exam 1: Bacterial Cell Structure, Physiology, Metabolism, and Genetics

The following describes the log phase of bacterial growth:

Prokaryotic cells have which of the following structures in their cytoplasm?

What type of fermentation produces lactic, acetic, succinic, and formic acids as the end products?

Some bacteria grow at 25 $\degree$ C or 42 $\degree$ C, but diagnostic laboratories routinely grow pathogenic bacteria at what temperature?

In the medical microbiology laboratory, the ability of a gram-negative bacterium to ferment this sugar is the first step in its identification.

When performing a Gram stain on a gram-negative organism, the crystal violet is absorbed into this outer cell wall layer, and then washed away with the acetone alcohol. What is the main component of the outer layer of the cell wall?

The Gram stain is a routine stain used in bacteriology to determine gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria based on the

All of the following statements are true about viruses, except:

What makes the interior of the plasma membrane potentially impermeable to water-soluble molecules?

The laboratory receives a specimen in which the doctor suspects that the infecting organism is Haemophilus influenzae. This organism grows best in an atmosphere that contains 5% to 10% carbon dioxide. It is therefore classified as what type of bacteria?

What stain is used for medically important fungi?

Which is a biochemical process carried out by both obligate and facultative anaerobes?

A _____ is a single, closed, circular piece of DNA that is supercoiled to fit inside a bacterial cell.

Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp. must have media supplemented with serum or sugar as nutrients and because

Diagnostic microbiologists apply placement and naming of bacterial organisms into all the following categories, except

The three regions of the lipopolysaccharide include all the following, except

All the following are types of media, except

What class of organisms, such as the Streptococcus sp., can survive in the presence of oxygen but do not use oxygen in its metabolic processes?

Diphtheria is a disease produced by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. However, not all C. diphtheriae bacteria produce the toxin that causes this disease. To produce the toxin, the bacteria must first become infected with a bacteriophage. The process by which bacterial genes are transferred to new bacteria by the bacteriophage is called

To survive, microbial inhabitants have learned to adapt by varying all of the following, except