Question 1

According to critics of the five-factor model of personality,

Accepted Answer

A)  knowing how sociable a person is allows for a better prediction of behavior than knowing how extraverted that person is. 
B)  researchers need to use factor analysis in order to determine the number of basic personality factors. 
C)  although Extraversion is a basic personality factor, there is no evidence that Neuroticism is. 
D)  factor analytic researchers should all use the same personality tests so that they can produce the same results. 
A)  knowing how sociable a person is allows for a better prediction of behavior than knowing how extraverted that person is. 
B)  researchers need to use factor analysis in order to determine the number of basic personality factors. 
C)  although Extraversion is a basic personality factor, there is no evidence that Neuroticism is. 
D)  factor analytic researchers should all use the same personality tests so that they can produce the same results. A

Question 2

Each of the following is true about the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) except one. Which one?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is among the most widely used psychological tests. 
B)  It provides a pattern of scores on a number of scales. 
C)  It provides test givers with an overall mental health score for each test-taker. 
D)  It is a self-report inventory. 
A)  It is among the most widely used psychological tests. 
B)  It provides a pattern of scores on a number of scales. 
C)  It provides test givers with an overall mental health score for each test-taker. 
D)  It is a self-report inventory. C

Question 3

In his quest to understand the basic structure of personality, Cattell relied heavily on

Accepted Answer

A)  the idiographic approach. 
B)  factor analysis. 
C)  the examination of central traits. 
D)  case studies. 
A)  the idiographic approach. 
B)  factor analysis. 
C)  the examination of central traits. 
D)  case studies. B

Question 4

Critics of the trait approach have argued that there is

Accepted Answer

A)  little consistency of behavior across situations. 
B)  no valid prediction of behavior from test scores. 
C)  too much reliance on situational factors rather than the traits themselves. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  little consistency of behavior across situations. 
B)  no valid prediction of behavior from test scores. 
C)  too much reliance on situational factors rather than the traits themselves. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 5

Many researchers fail to produce strong links between personality traits and behavior. Trait theorists have argued that this is because

Accepted Answer

A)  researchers don't perform the correct statistical analysis. 
B)  researchers don't measure personality traits correctly. 
C)  researchers don't measure behavior correctly. 
D)  statistical analyses skew personality data. 
A)  researchers don't perform the correct statistical analysis. 
B)  researchers don't measure personality traits correctly. 
C)  researchers don't measure behavior correctly. 
D)  statistical analyses skew personality data.

Question 6

Social desirability scales measure the extent to which a person

Accepted Answer

A)  possesses socially desirable characteristics. 
B)  understands the rules of social interaction. 
C)  tries to present himself or herself in a favorable light. 
D)  is able to understand the meaning of the test items. 
A)  possesses socially desirable characteristics. 
B)  understands the rules of social interaction. 
C)  tries to present himself or herself in a favorable light. 
D)  is able to understand the meaning of the test items.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true about research on the Big Five?

Accepted Answer

A)  There are very few findings support general trends in Big Five scores over the lifespan. 
B)  Different findings may reflect differences in how broadly investigators conceive the personality structure. 
C)  All studies using factor analysis include the same kind of data. 
D)  Controversy surrounds the inconsistent findings for the Big Five over different populations. 
A)  There are very few findings support general trends in Big Five scores over the lifespan. 
B)  Different findings may reflect differences in how broadly investigators conceive the personality structure. 
C)  All studies using factor analysis include the same kind of data. 
D)  Controversy surrounds the inconsistent findings for the Big Five over different populations.

Question 8

Which of the following assumptions underlies the trait approach to personality?

Accepted Answer

A)  Each person belongs in one and only one personality category. 
B)  Personality characteristics can be represented along a continuum. 
C)  People in one personality category are distinctly different from people in other categories. 
D)  Personality can change as a function of the situation the person is in. 
A)  Each person belongs in one and only one personality category. 
B)  Personality characteristics can be represented along a continuum. 
C)  People in one personality category are distinctly different from people in other categories. 
D)  Personality can change as a function of the situation the person is in.

Question 9

Compared to most of us, individuals who score high on the trait of openness are more likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  tell a stranger all about themselves. 
B)  change their self-concept on a regular basis. 
C)  make friends easily in different situations. 
D)  willingly consider new ideas. 
A)  tell a stranger all about themselves. 
B)  change their self-concept on a regular basis. 
C)  make friends easily in different situations. 
D)  willingly consider new ideas.

Question 10

While research shows that personalities continue to develop, the changes are gradual, evolving over a period of years.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following is not a psychogenic need that exists as one of the basic elements of personality?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dominance 
B)  Affiliation 
C)  Autonomy 
D)  Nutrition 
A)  Dominance 
B)  Affiliation 
C)  Autonomy 
D)  Nutrition

Question 12

Psychologists often use personality traits to predict behavior in the workplace. This research has benefited recently by looking at

Accepted Answer

A)  the Big Five personality dimensions. 
B)  psychogenic needs. 
C)  central traits. 
D)  the idiographic approach. 
A)  the Big Five personality dimensions. 
B)  psychogenic needs. 
C)  central traits. 
D)  the idiographic approach.

Question 13

The trait approach is built on the assumption that personality characteristics are relatively stable over time and that

Accepted Answer

A)  personality characteristics are also relatively stable across different situations. 
B)  through trait descriptions, we can make comparisons across people. 
C)  the typical behavior of a person with one trait is different from that of another. 
D)  while explanation is not possible, trait researchers focus on describing personality. 
A)  personality characteristics are also relatively stable across different situations. 
B)  through trait descriptions, we can make comparisons across people. 
C)  the typical behavior of a person with one trait is different from that of another. 
D)  while explanation is not possible, trait researchers focus on describing personality.

Question 14

Identify the different measures that are built into the MMPI to identify when people are answering in an invalid way. Which of these do you think is the most important? Why? Give an example of why someone might try to "outsmart" each of these scales?

Accepted Answer

The MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personal

Question 15

Discuss the contributions of Gordon Allport to understanding personality and distinguish between nomothetic and idiographic approaches to personality. Give three kinds of personality traits proposed by Allport and an example of each. What alternative explanations for adult behavior and personality did Allport propose?

Accepted Answer

Gordon Allport made significant contribu

Question 16

A psychologist collects data from a large number of people. She places each person on a continuum ranging from high to low conscientiousness and makes predictions about how people in the high range will act compared to those in the low range. This psychologist is using the___________ approach to understand personality.

Accepted Answer

A)  type 
B)  nomothetic 
C)  idiographic 
D)  common trait 
A)  type 
B)  nomothetic 
C)  idiographic 
D)  common trait

Question 17

Discuss several ways in which the trait approach differs from other approaches to personality. Distinguish the special features of the trait and what it emphasizes, including the advantages of studying personality through the trait approach.

Accepted Answer

The trait approach to personality differ

Question 18

Which approach to personality has relatively little to say about how people develop specific personality characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Trait 
B)  Psychoanalytic 
C)  Behavioral/social learning 
D)  Cognitive 
A)  Trait 
B)  Psychoanalytic 
C)  Behavioral/social learning 
D)  Cognitive

Question 19

Karen always approaches tasks in an organized, faithful manner. She persists at a difficult job longer than most people and generally accomplishes more. Karen is probably high in which of the Big Five traits?

Accepted Answer

A)  Agreeableness 
B)  Openness 
C)  Conscientiousness 
D)  Extraversion 
A)  Agreeableness 
B)  Openness 
C)  Conscientiousness 
D)  Extraversion

Question 20

Summarize the situation versus trait controversy. Discuss two criticisms of the trait approach given by Mischel with respect to this controversy. Give a defense of the trait approach and specify how the criticisms and defense have improved our understanding of personality traits.

Accepted Answer

The situation versus trait controversy i

According to critics of the five-factor model of personality,

Each of the following is true about the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) except one. Which one?

In his quest to understand the basic structure of personality, Cattell relied heavily on

Critics of the trait approach have argued that there is

Many researchers fail to produce strong links between personality traits and behavior. Trait theorists have argued that this is because

Social desirability scales measure the extent to which a person

Which of the following statements is true about research on the Big Five?

Which of the following assumptions underlies the trait approach to personality?

Compared to most of us, individuals who score high on the trait of openness are more likely to

While research shows that personalities continue to develop, the changes are gradual, evolving over a period of years.

Which of the following is not a psychogenic need that exists as one of the basic elements of personality?

Psychologists often use personality traits to predict behavior in the workplace. This research has benefited recently by looking at

The trait approach is built on the assumption that personality characteristics are relatively stable over time and that

Identify the different measures that are built into the MMPI to identify when people are answering in an invalid way. Which of these do you think is the most important? Why? Give an example of why someone might try to "outsmart" each of these scales?

Discuss several ways in which the trait approach differs from other approaches to personality. Distinguish the special features of the trait and what it emphasizes, including the advantages of studying personality through the trait approach.

Which approach to personality has relatively little to say about how people develop specific personality characteristics?

Karen always approaches tasks in an organized, faithful manner. She persists at a difficult job longer than most people and generally accomplishes more. Karen is probably high in which of the Big Five traits?

Summarize the situation versus trait controversy. Discuss two criticisms of the trait approach given by Mischel with respect to this controversy. Give a defense of the trait approach and specify how the criticisms and defense have improved our understanding of personality traits.

What Is Personality

Personality Research Methods

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Freudian Approach: Relevant Research

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Neo-Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Neo-Freudian Theories: Relevant Research

The Trait Approach: Relevant Research

The Biological Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Biological Approach: Relevant Research

The Humanistic Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Humanistic Approach: Relevant Research

The Behavioralsocial Learning Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Behavioral Social Learning Approach: Relevant Research

The Cognitive Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Cognitive Approach: Relevant Research Appendix: Your Personality Glossary

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Exam 7: The Trait Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

According to critics of the five-factor model of personality,

Each of the following is true about the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) except one. Which one?

In his quest to understand the basic structure of personality, Cattell relied heavily on

Critics of the trait approach have argued that there is

Many researchers fail to produce strong links between personality traits and behavior. Trait theorists have argued that this is because

Social desirability scales measure the extent to which a person

Which of the following statements is true about research on the Big Five?

Which of the following assumptions underlies the trait approach to personality?

Compared to most of us, individuals who score high on the trait of openness are more likely to

While research shows that personalities continue to develop, the changes are gradual, evolving over a period of years.

Which of the following is not a psychogenic need that exists as one of the basic elements of personality?

Psychologists often use personality traits to predict behavior in the workplace. This research has benefited recently by looking at

The trait approach is built on the assumption that personality characteristics are relatively stable over time and that

Identify the different measures that are built into the MMPI to identify when people are answering in an invalid way. Which of these do you think is the most important? Why? Give an example of why someone might try to "outsmart" each of these scales?

Discuss several ways in which the trait approach differs from other approaches to personality. Distinguish the special features of the trait and what it emphasizes, including the advantages of studying personality through the trait approach.

Which approach to personality has relatively little to say about how people develop specific personality characteristics?

Karen always approaches tasks in an organized, faithful manner. She persists at a difficult job longer than most people and generally accomplishes more. Karen is probably high in which of the Big Five traits?

Summarize the situation versus trait controversy. Discuss two criticisms of the trait approach given by Mischel with respect to this controversy. Give a defense of the trait approach and specify how the criticisms and defense have improved our understanding of personality traits.

What Is Personality

Personality Research Methods

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Freudian Approach: Relevant Research

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Neo-Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Neo-Freudian Theories: Relevant Research

The Trait Approach: Relevant Research

The Biological Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Biological Approach: Relevant Research

The Humanistic Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Humanistic Approach: Relevant Research

The Behavioralsocial Learning Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Behavioral Social Learning Approach: Relevant Research

The Cognitive Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Cognitive Approach: Relevant Research Appendix: Your Personality Glossary

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