Question 1

According to the textbook, George Kelly may have been kept away from the field of psychology for many years because of

Accepted Answer

A)  his religious upbringing and the fact that his father was in the clergy. 
B)  the fact that his college, Friends University, did not offer psychology classes. 
C)  his participation on an intercollegiate debate team. 
D)  his relationship with a woman who was devoted to philosophy and felt that psychology was "voodoo science." 
A)  his religious upbringing and the fact that his father was in the clergy. 
B)  the fact that his college, Friends University, did not offer psychology classes. 
C)  his participation on an intercollegiate debate team. 
D)  his relationship with a woman who was devoted to philosophy and felt that psychology was "voodoo science." C

Question 2

A primary way in which psychologists assess an individual's self-schema would be to

Accepted Answer

A)  examine how that person perceives and uses information presented to them. 
B)  use neuroimaging studies to assess how the brain functions in different situations. 
C)  engage in naturalistic observations of the individual in different settings. 
D)  employ a personality questionnaire like the MMPI. 
A)  examine how that person perceives and uses information presented to them. 
B)  use neuroimaging studies to assess how the brain functions in different situations. 
C)  engage in naturalistic observations of the individual in different settings. 
D)  employ a personality questionnaire like the MMPI. A

Question 3

According to Kelly, individual differences in personality can be traced to all of the following sources except one. Which one?

Accepted Answer

A)  The number of constructs in a person's construct system 
B)  The way a person organizes the constructs in his or her construct system 
C)  The person's level of motivation to make sense out of the world 
D)  The kinds of constructs in a person's construct system 
A)  The number of constructs in a person's construct system 
B)  The way a person organizes the constructs in his or her construct system 
C)  The person's level of motivation to make sense out of the world 
D)  The kinds of constructs in a person's construct system C

Question 4

Kelly presented a "man-as-scientist" conception of human personality, meaning that

Accepted Answer

A)  no scientist can understand a person better than that person understands himself or herself. 
B)  the human personality can be examined through scientific methods. 
C)  people constantly try to predict and control the events in their lives. 
D)  the best way to obtain answers to our questions about human personality is to examine a single individual in depth. 
A)  no scientist can understand a person better than that person understands himself or herself. 
B)  the human personality can be examined through scientific methods. 
C)  people constantly try to predict and control the events in their lives. 
D)  the best way to obtain answers to our questions about human personality is to examine a single individual in depth.

Question 5

When cognitive psychotherapists teach clients how to handle recurring problems, it is often an attempt to eliminate

Accepted Answer

A)  emotional consequences. 
B)  the ideal self. 
C)  self-defeating thinking. 
D)  negative personal constructs. 
A)  emotional consequences. 
B)  the ideal self. 
C)  self-defeating thinking. 
D)  negative personal constructs.

Question 6

Which of the following is correct about cognitive-affective units?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are basically the same for everyone. 
B)  They are equally accessible in memory. 
C)  How we interpret a situation depends on which cognitive-affective units are activated. 
D)  Cognitive therapists try to reduce the number of cognitive-affective units in their clients. 
A)  They are basically the same for everyone. 
B)  They are equally accessible in memory. 
C)  How we interpret a situation depends on which cognitive-affective units are activated. 
D)  Cognitive therapists try to reduce the number of cognitive-affective units in their clients.

Question 7

When practicing rational emotive behavior therapy, a therapist will typically

Accepted Answer

A)  look for the childhood experiences that contributed to the current problem. 
B)  examine the logic the client uses that leads him or her to the emotional reaction. 
C)  wait for the client to discover the source of the problem rather than suggest what the source might be. 
D)  affirm to the client that he or she has good reasons to feel the way he or she does. 
A)  look for the childhood experiences that contributed to the current problem. 
B)  examine the logic the client uses that leads him or her to the emotional reaction. 
C)  wait for the client to discover the source of the problem rather than suggest what the source might be. 
D)  affirm to the client that he or she has good reasons to feel the way he or she does.

Question 8

One study of the self-schema presented students with 40 questions for which they pressed yes or no. Researchers found that participants were more likely to remember the information when

Accepted Answer

A)  the words had the ability to generate emotions. 
B)  participants were asked about a rhyme. 
C)  a self-referent question was difficult to answer. 
D)  the question was related to themselves. 
A)  the words had the ability to generate emotions. 
B)  participants were asked about a rhyme. 
C)  a self-referent question was difficult to answer. 
D)  the question was related to themselves.

Question 9

Kelly suggested that the better we understand another person's construct system, the better we will get along.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of the following would most likely be of interest to a theorist from the cognitive approach?

Accepted Answer

A)  The impact of delaying reinforcement on responding 
B)  The number of words recalled from memory 
C)  The effect of self-concept on daily mood 
D)  The best techniques for uncovering unconscious thoughts 
A)  The impact of delaying reinforcement on responding 
B)  The number of words recalled from memory 
C)  The effect of self-concept on daily mood 
D)  The best techniques for uncovering unconscious thoughts

Question 11

Describe each of the major cognitive representations of the self and how each fits into a larger theory of personality. How are these representations measured? Give an example of your own self-schema.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe each of the major cognitive representations...

Question 12

The cognitive approach to personality explains differences in personality as differences in the way people respond to stress.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Participants in one study recalled words better when they had been asked first whether the word described them (rather than, for example, if the word had been printed in large letters). Researchers interpret this to mean that

Accepted Answer

A)  the participants had to think about the word more when asked if it described them. 
B)  the self-description questions generated more interest for the participants than the other questions. 
C)  the self-description questions generated a stronger emotional reaction for the participants than the other questions. 
D)  the participants processed the information in a self-referencing manner. 
A)  the participants had to think about the word more when asked if it described them. 
B)  the self-description questions generated more interest for the participants than the other questions. 
C)  the self-description questions generated a stronger emotional reaction for the participants than the other questions. 
D)  the participants processed the information in a self-referencing manner.

Question 14

Cognitive personality researchers have looked at each of the following kinds of cognitive-affective units except one. Which one?

Accepted Answer

A)  Encodings 
B)  Goals and values 
C)  Reinforcement values 
D)  Competencies and self-regulatory plans 
A)  Encodings 
B)  Goals and values 
C)  Reinforcement values 
D)  Competencies and self-regulatory plans

Question 15

Possible selves serve which of the following functions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Provide plans for how to perform behaviors 
B)  Cause us to feel bad about past behaviors 
C)  Help us interpret the personalities of others 
D)  All of these are correct 
A)  Provide plans for how to perform behaviors 
B)  Cause us to feel bad about past behaviors 
C)  Help us interpret the personalities of others 
D)  All of these are correct

Question 16

According to cognitive theorists, one of the two important functions of our possible selves is to

Accepted Answer

A)  reduce anxiety associated with our unacceptable behavior. 
B)  provide incentives for future behavior. 
C)  make sense out of all the impinging information we face daily. 
D)  help us find a romantic partner. 
A)  reduce anxiety associated with our unacceptable behavior. 
B)  provide incentives for future behavior. 
C)  make sense out of all the impinging information we face daily. 
D)  help us find a romantic partner.

Question 17

The possible self contains all the information one has about the kind of person he or she is.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

According to Ellis, people have psychological problems due to faulty reasoning based on

Accepted Answer

A)  self-defeating thoughts. 
B)  irrational beliefs. 
C)  skewed personal constructs. 
D)  activating experiences. 
A)  self-defeating thoughts. 
B)  irrational beliefs. 
C)  skewed personal constructs. 
D)  activating experiences.

Question 19

To obtain a sense of predictability, Kelly suggests that we engage in

Accepted Answer

A)  theory construction. 
B)  template matching. 
C)  scientific discovery. 
D)  hypothesis testing. 
A)  theory construction. 
B)  template matching. 
C)  scientific discovery. 
D)  hypothesis testing.

Question 20

Which of the following is true about the cognitive processes that produce behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  The situation often initiates behavior. 
B)  Processing information in a "black box" is generally considered a myth. 
C)  Cognitive-affective units are equally accessible from memory. 
D)  Behavior becomes automatic when conscious attention is focused on it. 
A)  The situation often initiates behavior. 
B)  Processing information in a "black box" is generally considered a myth. 
C)  Cognitive-affective units are equally accessible from memory. 
D)  Behavior becomes automatic when conscious attention is focused on it.

According to the textbook, George Kelly may have been kept away from the field of psychology for many years because of

A primary way in which psychologists assess an individual's self-schema would be to

According to Kelly, individual differences in personality can be traced to all of the following sources except one. Which one?

Kelly presented a "man-as-scientist" conception of human personality, meaning that

When cognitive psychotherapists teach clients how to handle recurring problems, it is often an attempt to eliminate

Which of the following is correct about cognitive-affective units?

When practicing rational emotive behavior therapy, a therapist will typically

One study of the self-schema presented students with 40 questions for which they pressed yes or no. Researchers found that participants were more likely to remember the information when

Kelly suggested that the better we understand another person's construct system, the better we will get along.

Which of the following would most likely be of interest to a theorist from the cognitive approach?

Describe each of the major cognitive representations of the self and how each fits into a larger theory of personality. How are these representations measured? Give an example of your own self-schema.

The cognitive approach to personality explains differences in personality as differences in the way people respond to stress.

Participants in one study recalled words better when they had been asked first whether the word described them (rather than, for example, if the word had been printed in large letters). Researchers interpret this to mean that

Cognitive personality researchers have looked at each of the following kinds of cognitive-affective units except one. Which one?

Possible selves serve which of the following functions?

According to cognitive theorists, one of the two important functions of our possible selves is to

The possible self contains all the information one has about the kind of person he or she is.

According to Ellis, people have psychological problems due to faulty reasoning based on

To obtain a sense of predictability, Kelly suggests that we engage in

Which of the following is true about the cognitive processes that produce behavior?

What Is Personality

Personality Research Methods

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Freudian Approach: Relevant Research

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Neo-Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Neo-Freudian Theories: Relevant Research

The Trait Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Trait Approach: Relevant Research

The Biological Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Biological Approach: Relevant Research

The Humanistic Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Humanistic Approach: Relevant Research

The Behavioralsocial Learning Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Behavioral Social Learning Approach: Relevant Research

The Cognitive Approach: Relevant Research Appendix: Your Personality Glossary

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Exam 15: The Cognitive Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

According to the textbook, George Kelly may have been kept away from the field of psychology for many years because of

A primary way in which psychologists assess an individual's self-schema would be to

According to Kelly, individual differences in personality can be traced to all of the following sources except one. Which one?

Kelly presented a "man-as-scientist" conception of human personality, meaning that

When cognitive psychotherapists teach clients how to handle recurring problems, it is often an attempt to eliminate

Which of the following is correct about cognitive-affective units?

When practicing rational emotive behavior therapy, a therapist will typically

One study of the self-schema presented students with 40 questions for which they pressed yes or no. Researchers found that participants were more likely to remember the information when

Kelly suggested that the better we understand another person's construct system, the better we will get along.

Which of the following would most likely be of interest to a theorist from the cognitive approach?

Describe each of the major cognitive representations of the self and how each fits into a larger theory of personality. How are these representations measured? Give an example of your own self-schema.

The cognitive approach to personality explains differences in personality as differences in the way people respond to stress.

Participants in one study recalled words better when they had been asked first whether the word described them (rather than, for example, if the word had been printed in large letters). Researchers interpret this to mean that

Cognitive personality researchers have looked at each of the following kinds of cognitive-affective units except one. Which one?

Possible selves serve which of the following functions?

According to cognitive theorists, one of the two important functions of our possible selves is to

The possible self contains all the information one has about the kind of person he or she is.

According to Ellis, people have psychological problems due to faulty reasoning based on

To obtain a sense of predictability, Kelly suggests that we engage in

Which of the following is true about the cognitive processes that produce behavior?

What Is Personality

Personality Research Methods

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Freudian Approach: Relevant Research

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Neo-Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Neo-Freudian Theories: Relevant Research

The Trait Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Trait Approach: Relevant Research

The Biological Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Biological Approach: Relevant Research

The Humanistic Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Humanistic Approach: Relevant Research

The Behavioralsocial Learning Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Behavioral Social Learning Approach: Relevant Research

The Cognitive Approach: Relevant Research Appendix: Your Personality Glossary

Filters