Question 1

Transduction is a form of recombination in bacteria that involves______ .

Accepted Answer

A) fertility factors 
B) physical contact between the bacteria involved 
C) plasmids 
D) 5- bromouracil 
E) bacteriophages 
A) fertility factors 
B) physical contact between the bacteria involved 
C) plasmids 
D) 5- bromouracil 
E) bacteriophages

Question 2

What is a bacteriophage?

Accepted Answer

A) a bacterium that infects other bacteria 
B) a bacterium that infects a virus 
C) a virus that exclusively undergoes the lytic cycle 
D) a virus that exclusively undergoes the lysogenic cycle 
E) a virus that has a bacterium as its host 
A) a bacterium that infects other bacteria 
B) a bacterium that infects a virus 
C) a virus that exclusively undergoes the lytic cycle 
D) a virus that exclusively undergoes the lysogenic cycle 
E) a virus that has a bacterium as its host

Question 3

______have lost,through ______,the ability to grow on minimal medium.

Accepted Answer

A) prototrophs; adaptation 
B) mutants; adaptation 
C) prototrophs; mutation 
D) auxotrophs; mutation 
E) auxotrophs; adaptation 
A) prototrophs; adaptation 
B) mutants; adaptation 
C) prototrophs; mutation 
D) auxotrophs; mutation 
E) auxotrophs; adaptation

Question 4

A bacteriophage that is capable of entering either a lytic or a lysogenic cycle is called an______.

Accepted Answer

A) temperate bacteriophage 
B) virulent bacteriophage 
C) plasmid 
D) plaque- forming unit 
E) episome 
A) temperate bacteriophage 
B) virulent bacteriophage 
C) plasmid 
D) plaque- forming unit 
E) episome

Question 5

Which of the following is an episome?

Accepted Answer

A) F factor and temperate phage 
B) lytic phage 
C) F factor 
D) temperate and lytic phages 
E) temperate phage 
A) F factor and temperate phage 
B) lytic phage 
C) F factor 
D) temperate and lytic phages 
E) temperate phage

Question 6

What is the process by which a temperate bacteriophage infects a bacterial cell and subsequently integrates its chromosome into the bacterial chromosome?

Accepted Answer

A) lysogeny 
B) transduction 
C) temperate 
D) transformation 
E) lysis 
A) lysogeny 
B) transduction 
C) temperate 
D) transformation 
E) lysis

Question 7

Name the general category into which double- stranded circular extrachromosomal DNA elements such as F factors,ColE1,and R would fall.

Accepted Answer

A) r- determinant 
B) plaque 
C) partial diploid 
D) capsid 
E) plasmid 
A) r- determinant 
B) plaque 
C) partial diploid 
D) capsid 
E) plasmid

Question 8

Temperate phages are those that can enter either the______ or the______ cycle.

Accepted Answer

A) functional; nonfunctional 
B) complementing; competing 
C) virulent; avirulent 
D) former; nonformer 
E) lytic; lysogenic 
A) functional; nonfunctional 
B) complementing; competing 
C) virulent; avirulent 
D) former; nonformer 
E) lytic; lysogenic

Question 9

______can exist integrated into the bacterial chromosome or as an autonomous plasmid unit in the cytosol.

Accepted Answer

A) Col plasmid 
B) Temperate phages 
C) Episomes 
D) F' plasmid 
E) R factor 
A) Col plasmid 
B) Temperate phages 
C) Episomes 
D) F' plasmid 
E) R factor

Question 10

In a mixed infection experiment,the results of an h+r and hr+ cross are as follows.    How far apart are these two genes?

Accepted Answer

A) 12 
B) 24 
C) 48 
D) 8 
E) 2 
A) 12 
B) 24 
C) 48 
D) 8 
E) 2

Question 11

Name two forms of recombination in bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A) auxotrophic and prototrophic 
B) conjugation and transduction 
C) lytic and lysogenic 
D) insertion and replication 
E) mixed and generalized 
A) auxotrophic and prototrophic 
B) conjugation and transduction 
C) lytic and lysogenic 
D) insertion and replication 
E) mixed and generalized

Question 12

What is the first step in phage formation inside the bacterial cell?

Accepted Answer

A) tail formation 
B) tail fibers are added 
C) DNA packaging as the viral heads assemble 
D) adherence to the pilus 
E) lysis 
A) tail formation 
B) tail fibers are added 
C) DNA packaging as the viral heads assemble 
D) adherence to the pilus 
E) lysis

Question 13

Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

A) A symbiotic relationship between a phage and a bacterium apparently occurs in the process of lysogeny. 
B) Lysogeny is a process that occurs during transformation and conjugation. 
C) A bacteriophage that can only undergo lysis is called a virulent phage. 
D) A prophage can exist in a quiescent state in the bacterial chromosome. 
E) Viral genomes comprise only genes for viral structure and assembly. 
A) A symbiotic relationship between a phage and a bacterium apparently occurs in the process of lysogeny. 
B) Lysogeny is a process that occurs during transformation and conjugation. 
C) A bacteriophage that can only undergo lysis is called a virulent phage. 
D) A prophage can exist in a quiescent state in the bacterial chromosome. 
E) Viral genomes comprise only genes for viral structure and assembly.

Question 14

Bacteria that are in a particular physiological state to become transformed are called______ .

Accepted Answer

A) resistant 
B) episomal 
C) transformable 
D) temperate 
E) competent 
A) resistant 
B) episomal 
C) transformable 
D) temperate 
E) competent

Question 15

Assume that one counted 67 plaques on a bacterial plate where 0.1 ml of a 10-5 dilution of phage was added to bacterial culture.What is the initial concentration of the undiluted phage?

Accepted Answer

A) 6.7 × 10-5 pfu/ml 
B) 0.1 × 105 pfu/ml 
C) 6.7 × 105 pfu/ml 
D) 67 pfu/ml 
E) 6.7 × 107 pfu/ml pfu = plaque- forming units 
A) 6.7 × 10-5 pfu/ml 
B) 0.1 × 105 pfu/ml 
C) 6.7 × 105 pfu/ml 
D) 67 pfu/ml 
E) 6.7 × 107 pfu/ml pfu = plaque- forming units

Question 16

In a mixed infection experiment,you study two plaque phenotypes of large l+ versus small l- and bumpy b+ versus smooth b- .You mix small l- b+ with smooth l+ b- and identify 50 small,smooth and 47 large,bumpy.How far apart are the genes?

Accepted Answer

A) 490 
B) 99 
C) 49 
D) 1000 
E) There is not enough information to calculate the distance. 
A) 490 
B) 99 
C) 49 
D) 1000 
E) There is not enough information to calculate the distance.

Question 17

What is the adaptation hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A) The bacteria will mutate so it can become an auxotroph. 
B) The phage mutates to infect bacteria more effectively. 
C) The phage mutates so it can't infect bacteria any longer. 
D) The phage and bacteria both mutate so the phage becomes less virulent. 
E) The phage stimulates the bacteria to mutate to become immune to the phage. 
A) The bacteria will mutate so it can become an auxotroph. 
B) The phage mutates to infect bacteria more effectively. 
C) The phage mutates so it can't infect bacteria any longer. 
D) The phage and bacteria both mutate so the phage becomes less virulent. 
E) The phage stimulates the bacteria to mutate to become immune to the phage.

Question 18

A form of bacterial recombination that involves a viral intermediate is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A) plaque assay 
B) transduction 
C) transformation 
D) conjugation 
E) competency 
A) plaque assay 
B) transduction 
C) transformation 
D) conjugation 
E) competency

Question 19

How do different strains of E.coli can reveal different linkage arrangements of genes in Hfr crosses?

Accepted Answer

A) They do not.All Hfr strains are identical. 
B) Different strains may have different F factors and therefore different initiation points for chromosome transfer. 
C) Hfr strains will demonstrate different areas of recombination,due to dominance and recessiveness of genes. 
D) In different Hfr strains,different genes will be transferred based on where the centromere resides. 
E) In different Hfr strains,genes can be in different order on the chromosome. 
A) They do not.All Hfr strains are identical. 
B) Different strains may have different F factors and therefore different initiation points for chromosome transfer. 
C) Hfr strains will demonstrate different areas of recombination,due to dominance and recessiveness of genes. 
D) In different Hfr strains,different genes will be transferred based on where the centromere resides. 
E) In different Hfr strains,genes can be in different order on the chromosome.

Question 20

Which of the following occurs during cell lysis?

Accepted Answer

A) prophage formation 
B) plaque formation 
C) lysogeny 
D) binary fission 
E) episome propagation 
A) prophage formation 
B) plaque formation 
C) lysogeny 
D) binary fission 
E) episome propagation

Exam 6: Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages

Transduction is a form of recombination in bacteria that involves______ .

What is a bacteriophage?

______have lost,through ______,the ability to grow on minimal medium.

A bacteriophage that is capable of entering either a lytic or a lysogenic cycle is called an______.

Which of the following is an episome?

What is the process by which a temperate bacteriophage infects a bacterial cell and subsequently integrates its chromosome into the bacterial chromosome?

Name the general category into which double- stranded circular extrachromosomal DNA elements such as F factors,ColE1,and R would fall.

Temperate phages are those that can enter either the______ or the______ cycle.

______can exist integrated into the bacterial chromosome or as an autonomous plasmid unit in the cytosol.

In a mixed infection experiment,the results of an h+r and hr+ cross are as follows. How far apart are these two genes?

Name two forms of recombination in bacteria.

What is the first step in phage formation inside the bacterial cell?

Which of the following statements is false?

Bacteria that are in a particular physiological state to become transformed are called______ .

Assume that one counted 67 plaques on a bacterial plate where 0.1 ml of a 10-5 dilution of phage was added to bacterial culture.What is the initial concentration of the undiluted phage?

In a mixed infection experiment,you study two plaque phenotypes of large l+ versus small l- and bumpy b+ versus smooth b- .You mix small l- b+ with smooth l+ b- and identify 50 small,smooth and 47 large,bumpy.How far apart are the genes?

What is the adaptation hypothesis?

A form of bacterial recombination that involves a viral intermediate is called ______.

How do different strains of E.coli can reveal different linkage arrangements of genes in Hfr crosses?

Which of the following occurs during cell lysis?

Introduction to Genetics

Mitosis and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Extensions of Mendelian Genetics

Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes

Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes

Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and Arrangement

Extranuclear Inheritance

DNA Structure and Analysis

DNA Replication and Recombination

DNA Organization in Chromosomes

The Genetic Code and Transcription

Translation and Proteins

Gene Mutation,dna Repair,and Transposition

Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes

Post-Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes

Epigenetic Regulation in Eukaryotes

Recombinant Dna Technology

Genomic Analysis

Applications of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Developmental Genetics

Cancer Genetics

Quantitative Genetics and Multifactorial Traits

Population and Evolutionary Genetics

CRISPR and Genomic Editing

DNA Forensics

Genomics and Precision Medicine

Genetically Modified Foods

Gene Therapy

Advances in Neurogenetics: The Study of Huntington Disease

Filters

have lost,through ,the ability to grow on minimal medium.

Temperate phages are those that can enter either the or the cycle.

Assume that one counted 67 plaques on a bacterial plate where 0.1 ml of a 10^-5dilution of phage was added to bacterial culture.What is the initial concentration of the undiluted phage?

In a mixed infection experiment,you study two plaque phenotypes of large l⁺ versus small l^- and bumpy b⁺ versus smooth b^- .You mix small l^-b⁺ with smooth l⁺b^- and identify 50 small,smooth and 47 large,bumpy.How far apart are the genes?